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Isotope dependence of transport in ST40 hot ion mode plasmas

S M Kaye, M Sertoli, P Buxton, A Dnestrovskii, S McNamara, M Romanelli, P Thomas2023年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

The ST40 compact, high-field spherical tokamak, operating at 2.1 T and with 1.8 MW of neutral beam heating, achieved central carbon impurity ion temperatures in excess of 10 keV, surpassing their business milestone of 100 M ∘C (8.6 keV). The high temperature discharges were in the hot ion mode, with , and they were achieved in both hydrogen and deuterium plasmas with deuterium neutral beam injection. In order to achieve the high temperature scenarios, careful wall conditioning and scenario optimization was carried out in , , and finally in plasmas. The TRANSP transport code was employed to study the dependence of confinement and transport on isotopic mass, and the conditions that led to the high measured central ion temperatures in the and plasmas. The kinetic profiles input into TRANSP were inferred from line-of-sight and limited radial measurements as well as consistency with a number of other experimental constraints. The TRANSP results first showed that the main species central ion temperature was only 0.5–1 keV lower than the measured carbon impurity temperature, and thus in the high performance plasmas also surpassed the 100 M ∘C level. TRANSP also showed that while the electron thermal conduction loss was dominant, reductions in central ion transport, and an effective decoupling of the ions from the electrons, led to an increase in central ion temperatures with increasing plasma mass. In fact, the associated confinement times exhibited a strong dependence on the isotopic mass of the thermal plasma. These preliminary results are foundations for dedicated experiments with full kinetic profile measurements on ST40 in the next run campaign.

日本語訳

抄録: コンパクトな球状トカマクST40は、2.1 Tの磁場と1.8 MWの中性粒子ビーム加熱で運転され、中心炭素不純物イオン温度が10 keVを超える値を達成し、1億℃のマイルストーンを上回った。高温放電は高温イオンモードで実現され、重水素中性粒子ビーム入射により水素および重水素プラズマの両方で達成された。高温シナリオを達成するために、入念な壁調整とシナリオ最適化が、水素プラズマ、続いて重水素プラズマで実施された。TRANSP輸送コードを用いて、閉じ込めと輸送の同位体質量依存性、および水素プラズマと重水素プラズマにおいて測定された高い中心イオン温度をもたらした条件を研究した。TRANSPに入力する運動論的プロファイルは、視線方向の限られた計測と、他の多くの実験的制約との整合性から推定された。TRANSPの結果は、主イオン種の中心温度が測定された炭素不純物温度よりわずか0.5~1 keV低いだけであり、したがって高性能プラズマでも1億℃のレベルを超えていることを初めて示した。TRANSPはまた、電子熱輸送損失が支配的である一方で、中心イオン輸送の低減とイオン-電子間の効果的な非結合が、プラズマ質量の増加に伴う中心イオン温度の上昇をもたらすことを示した。実際、関連する閉じ込め時間は熱プラズマの同位体質量に強い依存性を示した。これらの予備的結果は、ST40における次の運転キャンペーンでの完全な運動論的プロファイル計測を伴う専用実験の基礎となるものである。

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