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Constraint on the residual gas density in laser fusion target chambers due to stimulated Raman scattering

R.A. Sacks, E.A. Williams1991年Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

For laser propagation through an inertia! confinement fusion reactor target chamber there is a maximum for the allowable gas density and hence for the shot repetition rate in the chamber. Small angle forward stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is an important process in limiting the propagation and setting this constraint. A conservative model — propagation of the laser beam through a uniform plasma with the plasma wave amplitude determined by saturation due to electron trapping — leads to a fractional energy loss which scales as the square of the wavelength and is independent of intensity. For a 10 MJ target in an argon atmosphere, it is expected that the onset of substantial energy loss will occur very abruptly as the gas density increases beyond about 10l6 cm−3; for a LiF/BeF2 atmosphere, the acceptable density of LiF molecules may be about a factor of three smaller (3 × 10l5 cm−3). If the ionization of the background gas is dominated by photoionization due to X-rays emitted from the target (after heating by the early part of the laser pulse), then the l/r2 plasma density gradient is effective in stabilizing the growth of SRS. This stabilization leads to a substantial increase in the allowable density.

日本語訳

慣性核融合炉標的チャンバー内をレーザーが伝搬する際、許容されるガス密度、ひいてはチャンバー内の繰り返し射撃率には上限が存在する。前方小角度誘導ラマン散乱(SRS)は、伝搬を制限しこの制約を設定する上で重要な過程である。保守的モデル——電子捕捉による飽和によって決定されるプラズマ波振幅を伴う一様プラズマ中でのレーザービームの伝搬——により、エネルギー損失の割合は波長の二乗に比例してスケールし、強度には依存しないことが導かれる。アルゴン雰囲気中の10 MJ標的の場合、ガス密度が約10¹⁶ cm⁻³を超えて増加すると、 substantialなエネルギー損失の開始が非常に急激に起こると予想される。LiF/BeF₂雰囲気の場合、LiF分子の許容密度は約3分の1(3×10¹⁵ cm⁻³)程度になる可能性がある。背景ガスの電離が、標的から放出されるX線(レーザーパルスの初期部分による加熱後)による光電離によって支配される場合、1/r²プラズマ密度勾配はSRSの成長を安定化させるのに有効である。この安定化により、許容密度は大幅に増加する。

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Raman scatteringFusion targetStimulated Raman scatteringLaser fusion
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