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Calculation and experimental test of the cooling factor of tungsten

T. Pütterich, R. Neu, R. Dux, A.D. Whiteford, M.G. O'Mullane, H.P. Summers, the ASDEX Upgrade Team2010年被引用 190Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The cooling factor of W is evaluated using state of the art data for line radiation and an ionization balance which has been benchmarked with experiment. For the calculation of line radiation, level-resolved calculations were performed with the Cowan code to obtain the electronic structure and excitation cross sections (plane-wave Born approximation). The data were processed by a collisional radiative model to obtain electron density dependent emissions. These data were then combined with the radiative power derived from recombination rates and bremsstrahlung to obtain the total cooling factor. The effect of uncertainties in the recombination rates on the cooling factor was studied and was identified to be of secondary importance. The new cooling factor is benchmarked, by comparisons of the line radiation with spectral measurements as well as with a direct measurement of the cooling factor. Additionally, a less detailed calculation using a configuration averaged model was performed. It was used to benchmark the level-resolved calculations and to improve the prediction on radiation power from line radiation for ionization stages which are computationally challenging. The obtained values for the cooling factor validate older predictions from the literature. Its ingredients and the absolute value are consistent with the existing experimental results regarding the value itself, the spectral distribution of emissions and the ionization equilibrium. A table of the cooling factor versus electron temperature is provided. Finally, the cooling factor is used to investigate the operational window of a fusion reactor with W as intrinsic impurity. The minimum value of nTτE, for which a thermonuclear burn is possible, is increased by 20% for a W concentration of 3.0 × 10−5 compared with a plasma without any impurities, except for the He ash which is considered in both cases.

日本語訳

Wの冷却係数は、ライン放射と実験でベンチマークされた電離平衡に関する最新のデータを用いて評価される。ライン放射の計算には、Cowanコードによるレベル分解計算が用いられ、電子構造と励起断面積(平面波ボルン近似)が求められた。このデータは衝突放射モデルによって処理され、電子密度依存の放射特性が得られた。これらのデータは、再結合率から導出された放射パワーと制動放射を組み合わせることで、総合的な冷却係数が算出された。再結合率の不確実性が冷却係数に及ぼす影響が調査され、二次的な重要性を持つことが確認された。新しい冷却係数は、ライン放射のスペクトル測定および冷却係数の直接測定との比較によってベンチマークされた。さらに、計算コストの高い電離段階における放射パワーの予測を改善するため、コンフィギュレーション平均モデルを用いた簡略化計算も実施され、レベル分解計算の検証に使用された。得られた冷却係数の値は、既存の文献値と整合的であり、その絶対値、放射のスペクトル分布、および電離平衡の観点から実験結果と一致している。電子温度に対する冷却係数のテーブルが提供される。最後に、この冷却係数を用いて、Wを内在的不純物とする核融合炉の運転ウィンドウが調査された。熱核燃焼が可能となる最小のnTτE値は、不純物を含まないプラズマ(ただしHe灰は両方のケースで考慮)と比較して、W濃度3.0×10⁻⁵の場合に20%増加することが示された。

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