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Major minority: energetic particles in fusion plasmas

B N Breizman, S E Sharapov2011年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

This paper describes advances made in the field of energetic-particle physics since the topical review of Alfvén eigenmode observations in toroidal plasmas (Wong 1999 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion41 R1–R56). The development of plasma confinement scenarios with reversed magnetic shear and significant population of energetic particles, and the development of novel energetic-particle diagnostics were the main milestones in the past decade, and these are the main experimental subjects of this review. The theory of Alfvén cascade eigenmodes in reversed-shear tokamaks and its use in magnetohydrodynamic spectroscopy are presented. Based on experimental observations and nonlinear theory of energetic-particle instabilities in the near-threshold regime, the frequency-sweeping events for spontaneously formed phase-space holes and clumps and the evolution of the fishbone oscillations are described. The multi-mode scenarios of enhanced particle transport are discussed and a brief summary is given of several engaging research topics that are beyond the authors' direct involvement.

日本語訳

本論文は、トロイダルプラズマにおけるアルヴェン固有モードの観測に関するトピカルレビュー(Wong 1995 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 37 R1–R66)以降の高エネルギー粒子物理学の進展について述べるものである。逆磁気シアと高エネルギー粒子の顕著な集団を有するプラズマ閉じ込めシナリオの開発、および新規の高エネルギー粒子診断法の開発が、過去10年間における主要な進展であり、これらが本レビューの主な実験的対象である。逆シアトカマクにおけるアルヴェンカスケード固有モードの理論と、磁気流体力学分光法へのその応用について述べる。実験的観測と非線形理論に基づき、閾値近傍領域における高エネルギー粒子不安定性によって引き起こされる、自発的に形成された位相空間ホールおよびクランプの周波数掃引現象、ならびにフィッシュボーン振動の時間発展について記述する。さらに、高エネルギー粒子輸送の増大をもたらす多モードシナリオについて議論し、著者らが直接関与していないものの魅力的な研究課題のいくつかについて簡潔に概説する。

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