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Study of the electrothermal and MHD instabilities in exploding cylindrical foil liner

Daoyuan Zhang, Jian Wu, Xinmiao Zhou, Zhenyu Wang, Ziwei Chen, Zhiyuan Jiang, Huantong Shi, Xingwen Li, Guanqiong Wang, Lin Zhou2022年被引用 4Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

An experimental and numerical study of the plasma instabilities in an electrical exploding cylindrical Al liner is reported. The Al liner 3 mm in diameter and 10 μm in thickness is exploded at the Qin-1 facility (450 ns, 400 kA). Various diagnostics, such as multi-frame laser shadowgraphy, an x-ray framing camera, and an x-ray backlighting system are developed. The different imaging systems are sensitive to plasma of different areal densities based on the comparison between the experiments and simulation, which reveal the dynamics of the exploding liner in more detail. The laser shadow images show the low-density plasma (∼1–2 × 10−4 g cm−2) at the edge of the liner, and both the amplitude and wavelength of the plasma instabilities increase over time, which are considered to be magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities rather than electrothermal instabilities. During the ablation of the liner, quasi-periodic azimuthally correlated striations are directly observed in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) self-emission images. Meanwhile, the vertical filaments, which are electrothermal instabilities for plasma under the condition of ∂η/∂T < 0, are also observed in EUV self-emission images. The x-ray backlighting images of the exploding liner are obtained by placing an X-pinch load on the current-return path to serve as an x-ray point source (∼1 ns, ∼10 μm). The x-ray backlighting results show the behavior of the high-density plasma (∼1.89 × 10−3 g cm−2), which includes the transition from electrothermal to MHD instabilities. Finally, we realized a 2D MHD simulation of the exploding liner under experimental conditions, which shows good agreement with the results of the experimental perturbation.

日本語訳

電気爆発する円筒状Alライナーにおけるプラズマ不安定性の実験的および数値的研究を報告する。直径3 mm、厚さ10 μmのAlライナーを、Qin-1施設(450 ns、400 kA)で爆発させた。多フレームレーザーシャドウグラフィ、X線フレーミングカメラ、X線バックライティングシステムなどの様々な診断法を開発した。異なるイメージングシステムは、実験とシミュレーションの比較に基づいて、異なる面密度のプラズマに感度を持ち、爆発するライナーのダイナミクスをより詳細に明らかにする。レーザーシャドウ画像は、ライナー端部の低密度プラズマ(∼1–2 × 10−4 g cm−2)を示し、プラズマ不安定性の振幅と波長の両方が時間とともに増加する。これらは、電気熱的不安定性ではなく、磁気流体力学(MHD)不安定性であると考えられる。ライナーのアブレーション中に、準周期的な方位角相関ストリーションが極端紫外(EUV)自発光画像で直接観察された。一方、∂η/∂T < 0の条件下でのプラズマに対する電気熱的不安定性である垂直フィラメントも、EUV自発光画像で観察された。爆発するライナーのX線バックライティング画像は、電流帰路にXピンチ負荷を配置してX線点源(∼1 ns、∼10 μm)として機能させることにより得られた。X線バックライティングの結果は、電気熱的不安定性からMHD不安定性への遷移を含む、高密度プラズマ(∼1.89 × 10−3 g cm−2)の挙動を示す。最後に、実験条件下での爆発するライナーの2次元MHDシミュレーションを実現し、実験的な摂動の結果と良好な一致を示した。

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MagnetohydrodynamicsMHD instabilities
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