Toward a general quasi-linear approach for the instabilities of bi-Kappa plasmas. Whistler instability

Kappa distributions are ubiquitous in space and astrophysical poorly collisional plasmas, such as the solar wind, suggesting that microscopic and macroscopic properties of these non-equilibrium plasmas are highly conditioned by the wave–particle interactions. The present work addresses the evolution of anisotropic bi-Kappa (or bi-κ-)distributions of electrons triggering instabilities of electromagnetic electron-cyclotron (or whistler) modes. The new quasi-linear approach proposed here includes time variations of the κ parameter during the relaxation of temperature anisotropy. Numerical results show that κ may increase for short interval of times at the beginning, but then decreases toward a value lower than the initial one, while the plasma beta and temperature anisotropy indicate a systematic relaxation. Our results suggest that the electromagnetic turbulence plays an important role on the suprathermalization of the plasma, ultimately lowering the parameter κ. Even though the variation of κ is in general negative () this variation seems to depend of the initial conditions of anisotropic electrons, which can vary very much in the inner heliosphere.