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Impact of an integrated core/SOL description on the R and BT optimization of tokamak fusion reactors

M. Siccinio, E. Fable, C. Angioni, S. Saarelma, A. Scarabosio, H. Zohm2018年被引用 21Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

An updated and improved version of the 0D divertor and scrape-off layer (SOL) model published in Siccinio et al (2016 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion58 125011) was coupled with the 1.5D transport code ASTRA (Pereverzev 1991 IPP Report 5/42, Pereverzev and Yushmanov 2002 IPP Report 5/98 and Fable et al 2013 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion55 124028). The resulting numerical tool was employed for various scans in the major radius R and in the toroidal magnetic field BT—for different safety factors q, allowable loop voltages Vloop and H factors—in order to identify the most convenient choices for an electricity producing tokamak. Such a scenario analysis was carried out evaluating self-consistently, and simultaneously, the core profile and transport effects, which significantly impact on the fusion power outcome, and the divertor heat loads, which represent one of the most critical issues in view of the realization of fusion power plants (Zohm et al 2013 Nucl. Fusion53 073019 and Wenninger et al 2017 Nucl. Fusion57 046002). The main result is that, when divertor limits are enforced, the curves at constant electrical power output are closed on themselves in the plane, and a maximum achievable power exists—i.e. no benefits would be obtained from a further increase in R and BT once the optimum is reached. This result appears as an intrinsic physical limit for all those devices where a radiative SOL is needed to deal with the power exhaust, and where a lower limit on the power crossing the separatrix (e.g. because of the L–H transition) is present.

日本語訳

Siccinioら(2016 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 58 125011)によって発表された0次元ダイバータおよびスクレイプオフ層(SOL)モデルの更新・改良版を、1.5次元輸送コードASTRA(Pereverzev 1991 IPP Report 5/42、PereverzevおよびYushmanov 2002 IPP Report 5/98、ならびにFableら2013 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 55 125011)と結合した。得られた数値ツールを用いて、主半径Rおよびトロイダル磁場BTに関する様々な走査を実施した——異なる安全係数q、許容ループ電圧Vloop、およびH因子について——発電用トカマクにとって最も適切な選択肢を特定するためである。このようなシナリオ解析は、核融合出力結果に有意な影響を与えるコアプロファイルと輸送効果、および核融合発電所の実現に向けた最も重大な課題の一つであるダイバータ熱負荷を、自己無撞着にかつ同時に評価して実施した(Zohmら2013 Nucl. Fusion 53 073019およびWenningerら2017 Nucl. Fusion 57 046002)。主な結果として、ダイバータ制約を課した場合、一定の電気出力における曲線は(R, BT)平面内で閉曲線を形成し、達成可能な最大出力が存在する——すなわち、最適点に達した後はRおよびBTをさらに増加させても利点は得られない。この結果は、出力排気に対処するために放射状SOLが必要とされ、かつセパラトリックスを横切る出力に下限(例えばL-H遷移による)が存在するすべての装置において、固有の物理的限界として現れる。

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