Due to the complex electron dynamics and multiple ion acceleration mechanisms that can take place in the interaction of an ultra-intense laser pulse with a thin foil, it is possible for multiple charged particle populations to overlap in space with varying momentum distributions. In certain scenarios this can drive streaming instabilities such as the relativistic Buneman instability and the ion–ion acoustic instability. The potential for such instabilities to occur are demonstrated using particle-in-cell simulations. It is shown that if a population of ions can be accelerated such that it can propagate through other slowly expanding ion populations, energy exchange can occur via the ion–ion acoustic instability.
超强激光脉冲与薄箔相互作用中，由于复杂的电子动力学和多种离子加速机制，多种带电粒子群可能在空间上重叠并具有不同的动量分布。在某些情况下，这会驱动流不稳定性，例如相对论性Buneman不稳定性和离子-离子声不稳定性。通过粒子网格模拟证明了此类不稳定性发生的可能性。研究表明，如果一群离子能够被加速到足以穿过其他缓慢膨胀的离子群，则可以通过离子-离子声不稳定性实现能量交换。