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Shift in principal equilibrium current from a vertical to a toroidal one towards the initiation of a closed flux surface in ECR plasmas in the LATE device

Kengoh Kuroda, Manato Wada, Masaki Uchida, Hitoshi Tanaka, Takashi Maekawa2016年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

In toroidal electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasmas under a weak external vertical field a part of the pressure driven vertical charge separation current returns along the helical field lines, generating a toroidal current. The rest circulates via the conducting vacuum vessel. Only the toroidal current contributes to the production of a closed flux surface. Both the toroidal and vertical currents are an equilibrium current that provides a radial force by the interaction with the vertical field and the toroidal field, respectively, to counter-balance the outward pressure ballooning force.We have done experiments using 2.45 GHz microwaves in the low aspect ratio torus experiment (LATE) device to investigate in what way and how much the toroidal current is generated towards the initiation of a closed flux surface. In steady discharges by kW under various both the pressure and the toroidal current become large with . When G, a toroidal current of 290 A is generated and the vertical field is reduced to 1.2 G inside the current channel, being close to the initiation of a closed flux surface. In this plasma the return current does not obey Ohm's law. Instead, the return current flows so that the electric force on the electron fluid is balanced with the pressure gradient along the field lines. Near the top and bottom boundaries superthermal electrons flow beyond the potential barrier onto the walls along the field lines. In another discharge by the low power of kW under G, both the toroidal current and the pressure steadily increase for an initial duration of 1.1 s and then abruptly jump, generating an initial closed flux surface. While the counter force from the vertical current is initially dominant, that from the toroidal current gradually increases and becomes four times larger than that from the vertical current just before the initiation of a closed flux surface. The results suggest that the conversion ratio to the return current along the field lines from the vertical charge separation current increases as the electron temperature increases. Upon initiation of a closed flux surface the counter force from the toroidal current also jumps by three times and becomes 10 times larger than that from the vertical current.

日本語訳

弱い外部鉛直磁場下でのトロイダル電子サイクロトロン共鳴(ECR)プラズマにおいて、圧力駆動による鉛直分離電流の一部は螺旋磁力線に沿って戻り、トロイダル電流を生成する。残りは導電性真空容器を介して循環する。閉磁気面の生成に寄与するのはトロイダル電流のみである。トロイダル電流と鉛直電流はともに平衡電流であり、それぞれ鉛直磁場およびトロイダル磁場との相互作用により径方向力を提供し、外向きの圧力バルーニング力を釣り合せる。我々は、低アスペクト比トーラス実験(LATE)装置において2.45 GHzマイクロ波を用いた実験を行い、閉磁気面の開始に向けてトロイダル電流がどのような方法で、どの程度生成されるかを調査した。様々な条件下での定常放電において、圧力とトロイダル電流はともに増大する。Gのとき、290 Aのトロイダル電流が生成され、鉛直磁場は電流チャネル内部で1.2 Gに減少し、閉磁気面の開始に近づく。このプラズマでは、戻り電流はオームの法則に従わない。代わりに、戻り電流は、電子流体に対する電場力が磁力線に沿った圧力勾配と釣り合うように流れる。上下の境界付近では、超熱電子が磁力線に沿ってポテンシャル障壁を越えて壁に流れる。kW、Gの低電力による別の放電では、トロイダル電流と圧力の両方が初期の1.1秒間にわたって定常的に増加し、その後急激にジャンプして初期閉磁気面を生成する。鉛直電流からの反力が初期には支配的である一方、トロイダル電流からの反力は徐々に増加し、閉磁気面の開始直前には鉛直電流からの反力の4倍になる。これらの結果は、鉛直分離電流から磁力線に沿った戻り電流への変換比が、電子温度の上昇とともに増加することを示唆している。閉磁気面の開始時には、トロイダル電流からの反力も3倍にジャンプし、鉛直電流からの反力の10倍になる。

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Electron cyclotron resonance
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