The features of plasma energy transfer to material surfaces during plasma–surface interactions (PSIs) in the presence of a strong magnetic field are investigated within the recently developed quasi-stationary plasma accelerator, QSPA-M. This novel PSI test-bed facility can reproduce edge localized mode (ELM) impacts, both in terms of heat load and particle flux to the surface, and provide plasma transportation in an external magnetic field, which mimics the divertor conditions. Investigations of energy transfer to the material surface have been performed for varied plasma heat load and external magnetic field values. Calorimetry, optical emission spectroscopy and high-speed imaging were applied for PSI characterization. For perpendicular plasma incidence, it has been shown that the transient plasma layer is formed in front of the surface by the stopped head of the plasma stream even for rather small plasma heat loads, which do not result in surface melting. The plasma density in this near-surface layer is much higher than in the impacting stream. It leads to the arisen screening effect for energy transfer to the surface. For B = 0, the thickness of the screening layer is less than 3 cm, but it increases to 15 cm when B = 0.8 T. The shielding effect due to the formation of a dense plasma layer in front of the exposed surface should be favorable for material performance, being important for decreasing the overall erosion of plasma-facing components during a large number of repetitive ELMs.
Edge-plasma models and characteristics for magnetic fusion energy devices