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Response of plasma-facing materials to high transient heat loads in a tokamak

H. Bolt, T. Scholz, J. Boedo, K.H. Finken, J. Linke1998年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractHigh transient heat loads to plasma-facing components, as they occur during plasma disruptions, edge localized modes (ELMs), or vertical displacement events, can cause damage such as thermal erosion, cracking, or melting. The incidence of high heat flux from a plasma onto a material surface triggers a sequence of dynamic plasma–material interaction processes of a non-linear character, commonly termed `vapour shielding'. As a consequence, the further incident heat flux and the resulting ablation are strongly reduced. To study these effects, fast probe experiments were carried out in the TEXTOR tokamak. The materials exposed to the plasma were carbon fibre composites with and without silicon addition. The duration of the plasma exposure was 80 ms at a depth of up to 9 cm into the boundary plasma. Together with a strong decrease of the electron temperature in the boundary plasma, strongly localized emission of radiation was observed in front of the probe tip. The incident heat flux to the probe was strongly reduced, which was also found as result of numerical modelling of the local shielding processes.

日本語訳

プラズマ対向機器への高い過渡熱負荷は、プラズマディスラプション、エッジ局在モード(ELM)、または垂直変位事象の際に発生し、熱侵食、クラッキング、または溶融などの損傷を引き起こす可能性がある。プラズマから材料表面への高い熱流束の入射は、一般に「蒸気遮蔽」と呼ばれる非線形的な特性を持つ動的プラズマ-材料相互作用プロセスの連鎖を引き起こす。その結果、その後の入射熱流束とそれに伴うアブレーションは大幅に低減される。これらの効果を研究するため、TEXTORトカマクにおいて高速プローブ実験が実施された。プラズマに曝露された材料は、シリコン添加の有無にかかわらず炭素繊維複合材料であった。プラズマ曝露時間は80ミリ秒であり、境界プラズマ中への深さは最大9センチメートルであった。境界プラズマ中の電子温度の大幅な低下とともに、プローブ先端の前方で強い局所的な放射が観測された。プローブへの入射熱流束は大幅に低減され、これは局所的な遮蔽プロセスの数値モデリングの結果によっても確認された。

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