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Current quench and vessel currents characterisation at the COMPASS tokamak

E Matveeva, J Havlicek, F J Artola, V Yanovskiy, A Havranek, J Adamek, J Gerardin, M Imrisek, A Loarte, O Ficker2022年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

The characterisation of plasma current quench and understanding of its underlying physical processes play a crucial role when designing large fusion devices such as ITER. For the first time, an extensive analysis of the COMPASS tokamak disruption database is presented. A unique set of magnetic diagnostics allows the investigation of local toroidal and poloidal vessel currents, including currents flowing along the open magnetic field lines from the plasma to the vacuum vessel (VV) (i.e., halo currents). Area-normalised current quench times are in agreement with the ITPA 1.67 ms m−2 lower limit. Extremely fast Ip quench rates of up to 0.6 MA ms−1 are observed during runaway electron campaigns at COMPASS, which are under the ITPA lower limit. Vertical movement of the plasma column is accelerated by the Ip quench during major disruptions. Toroidal vessel currents of around 2% – 4% of the predisruptive plasma current are observed during Ip quench. Net poloidal eddy currents are obtained by Mirnov coils and diamagnetic loop, reaching 3% of . Using the Mirnov coils it is shown that the halo current magnitude grows and its poloidal profile broadens with increasing plasma current Ip. Geometric features of the VV structure and in-vessel component positions on the poloidal vessel current measurements are discussed.

日本語訳

プラズマ電流クエンチの特性評価とその基礎となる物理過程の理解は、ITERのような大型核融合装置を設計する際に極めて重要な役割を果たす。本論文では、COMPASSトカマクのディスラプションデータベースの広範な解析を初めて提示する。独自の磁気診断装置群により、プラズマから真空容器(VV)への開いた磁力線に沿って流れる電流を含む、局所的なトロイダル方向およびポロイダル方向の容器電流の測定が可能となる。面積規格化された電流クエンチ時間は、ITPAの下限値1.67 ms m⁻²と一致する。COMPASSにおける逃走電子実験中には、最大0.6 MA ms⁻¹の極めて高速なIpクエンチ率が観測され、これはITPAの下限値を下回る。プラズマ柱の垂直方向の移動は、大規模ディスラプション中のIpクエンチによって加速される。トロイダル方向の容器電流は、Ipクエンチ中にディスラプション前のプラズマ電流の約2%~4%として観測される。正味のポロイダル渦電流は、ミルノフコイルとダイアモンドループによって求められ、の3%に達する。ミルノフコイルを用いることで、ハロー電流の大きさが増大し、そのポロイダル方向の分布がプラズマ電流Ipの増加とともに広がることが示される。真空容器構造の幾何学的特徴と、容器内構造物の位置がポロイダル方向の容器電流測定に及ぼす影響について考察する。

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