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Experimental study of medical isotopes 62,64Cu and 68Ga production using intense picosecond laser pulse

Zongwei Cao, Wei Qi, Haoyang Lan, Bo Cui, Xiaohui Zhang, Zhigang Deng, Zhimeng Zhang, Guanlin Wang, Liangqi Zhang, Xiankai Li2023年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Radioisotopes are indispensable agents in medical diagnosis and treatment, among which copper-62, 64 (62,64Cu) and gallium-68 (68Ga) are medical isotopes widely used in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Experiments that generate these radioisotopes via laser-induced photonuclear reactions were performed on the XingGuangIII laser facility of the Laser Fusion Research Center in Mianyang. High-charge ( ∼ 40 nC) MeV electron (e−) beams were generated with 100 terawatts, picosecond laser pulses. The e− beams were then impinged on a metal stack composed of Ta foil and activation plates (natural Cu and Ga2O3), producing high-energy bremsstrahlung x-rays and medical isotopes 62,64Cu and 68Ga, respectively. The characteristic emissions of the produced 62,64Cu and 68Ga were detected off-line , and the production yields of 62,64Cu and 68Ga were obtained to be of the order of 106 per laser shot. For electrons with energy higher than 8 MeV, the dependence of isotope production efficiency (per e−) on electron temperature () is investigated through Geant4 simulations. It is found that the production efficiency increases with the . At ∼ 10 MeV, the values are 10−4 for 62Cu and 2 × 10−5 for 68Ga, respectively. The prospect of producing the medical isotopes 62,64Cu and 68Ga are further evaluated using a table-top femtosecond laser system of high repetition. With a repetition rate of 100 Hz, their activity is expected to reach 0.2 GBq for 62Cu, 0.1 GBq for 64Cu and 0.05 GBq for 68Ga, respectively. Such activity would meet the required dose for clinical PET imaging, indicating the great potential to produce medical isotopes with an all-optical, high-repetition laser system.

日本語訳

放射性同位体は医療診断と治療において不可欠な薬剤であり、その中でも銅-62、銅-64(62,64Cu)およびガリウム-68(68Ga)は、陽電子放出断層撮影(PET)イメージングで広く使用される医療用同位体である。これらの放射性同位体をレーザー誘起光核反応により生成する実験が、綿陽のレーザー核融合研究センターにあるXingGuangIIIレーザー施設で実施された。100テラワット、ピコ秒のレーザーパルスを用いて、高電荷(約40 nC)のMeV電子ビームを生成した。この電子ビームを、Ta箔と活性化箔(天然CuおよびGa2O3)からなる金属スタックに照射し、それぞれ高エネルギー制動放射X線と医療用同位体62,64Cuおよび68Gaを生成した。生成された62,64Cuおよび68Gaの特性放射線をオフラインで検出し、レーザー1ショットあたりの収量は10の6乗個のオーダーであることを確認した。さらに、Geant4シミュレーションを用いて、8 MeV以上のエネルギーを持つ電子に対する同位体生成効率(電子1個あたり)の電子温度依存性を調査した。その結果、生成効率は電子温度の上昇とともに増加し、電子温度が約10 MeVのとき、62Cuでは10の-4乗、68Gaでは2×10の-5乗の値を示した。さらに、高繰り返しのテーブルトップフェムト秒レーザーシステムを用いた場合の医療用同位体62,64Cuおよび68Gaの生成可能性を評価した。繰り返し率100 Hzにおいて、62Cuでは0.2 GBq、64Cuでは0.1 GBq、68Gaでは0.05 GBqの放射能が期待され、これは臨床PETイメージングに必要な線量を満たすものである。この結果は、全光学式・高繰り返しレーザーシステムによる医療用同位体生成の大きな可能性を示している。

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