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Laser-based photonuclear production of medical isotopes and nuclear waste transmutation

M G Lobok, A V Brantov, V Yu Bychenkov2022年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

The results of complex simulations using PIC-GEANT4 (particle-in-cell and Monte-Carlo) codes based on the generation of a high-energy electron bunch by a short laser pulse propagating in a relativistic self-trapping regime in a near-critical plasma has been applied to assess the possibility of medical isotope production and nuclear waste transmutation. It has been demonstrated that a 10 Hz 30 fs 4 J laser pulse is well suited to the production of therapeutic amounts of several standard medical radionuclides (111In, 123I, 103Pd, 62Cu, 64Cu). The use of direct electron irradiation has an advantage over the use of bremsstrahlung gamma radiation from the converter due to the simplification of the production scheme without loss of radionuclide yield. The study of the transmutation of long-lived fusion products showed low efficiency and the need for preliminary isotope separation. Achieving as little as 10% reduction in the activity of a 10 g sample requires the continuous operation of the next-generation laser system at a high repetition rate (1 MHz–100 kHz) for (one to ten) years.

日本語訳

PIC-GEANT4(粒子セル法およびモンテカルロ法)コードを用いた複雑なシミュレーションの結果は、相対論的自己閉じ込め状態で近臨界プラズマ中を伝播する短パルスレーザーによる高エネルギー電子バンチの生成に基づいており、医療用同位体製造および核廃棄物変換の可能性を評価するために適用された。30fs、4Jのレーザーパルスが、標準的な複数の放射性核種(¹¹¹In、¹²³I、¹⁰³Pd、⁶²Cu、⁶⁴Cu)の治療用規模の生成に適していることが実証された。コンバーターからの制動放射ガンマ線を用いる方式よりも、直接電子照射を用いる方式の方が、放射性核種の収率を損なうことなく製造プロセスを簡素化できるという利点がある。長寿命核種の変換に関する研究では、事前の同位体分離なしでは効率が低いことが示された。例えば、10gの試料の放射能を10%低減するには、1MHzから100kHzの繰り返し率を持つ次世代レーザーを1年から10年間連続運転する必要がある。

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