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Physics and applications of atmospheric non-thermal air plasma with reference to environment

E Marode, D Djermoune, P Dessante, C Deniset, P Ségur, F Bastien, A Bourdon, C Laux2009年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Since air is a natural part of our environment, special attention is given to the study of plasmas in air at atmospheric pressure and their applications. This fact promoted the study of electrical conduction in air-like mixtures, i.e. mixtures containing an electronegative gas component. If the ionization growth is not limited its temporal evolution leads to spark formation, i.e. a thermal plasma of several thousand kelvins in a quasi-local thermodynamic equilibrium state. But before reaching such a thermal state, a plasma sets up where the electrons increase their energy characterized by an electron temperature Te much higher than that of heavy species T or T+ for the ions. Since the plasma is no longer characterized by only one temperature T, it is said to be in a non-thermal plasma (NTP) state. Practical ways are listed to prevent electron ionization from going beyond the NTP states. Much understanding of such NTP may be gathered from the study of the simple paradigmatic case of a discharge induced between a sharp positively stressed point electrode facing a grounded negative plane electrode. Some physical properties will be gathered from such configurations and links underlined between these properties and some associated applications, mostly environmental. Aerosol filtration and electrostatic precipitators, pollution control by removal of hazardous species contained in flue gas exhaust, sterilization applications for medical purposes and triggering fuel combustion in vehicle motors are among such applications nowadays.

日本語訳

空気は我々の環境の自然な一部であるため、大気圧下の空気中のプラズマとその応用の研究には特別な注意が払われる。この事実は、空気のような混合物、すなわち電気陰性度の高いガス成分を含む混合物における電気伝導の研究を促進した。もしイオン化の成長が制限されなければ、その時間的発展は火花放電の形成、すなわち準局所熱平衡状態にある数千ケルビンの熱プラズマへとつながる。しかし、そのような熱状態に達する前に、プラズマが形成され、そこでは電子がエネルギーを増大し、その電子温度Teは重い粒子の温度T、すなわちイオンの温度T+よりもはるかに高くなる。プラズマがもはや単一の温度Tのみによって特徴づけられないため、それは非熱平衡プラズマ(NTP)状態にあると言われる。そのようなNTP状態を超えて電子イオン化が進行するのを防ぐ実用的な方法が列挙される。そのようなNTPの多くの理解は、接地された負の平面電極に対向する鋭い正の針電極間に誘起される放電という単純な典型的な場合の研究から得られるかもしれない。そのような構成からいくつかの物理的特性が得られ、それらの特性と、主に環境に関連するいくつかの応用との間の関連が強調される。エアロゾル濾過と静電集塵、排ガス中に含まれる有害種の除去による汚染制御、医療目的の滅菌、および車両エンジンにおける燃焼トリガーは、今日におけるそのような応用の一部である。

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