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High yield (⩾108/pulse) DD neutron generator based on a compact, transportable and low energy plasma focus device

Ram Niranjan, R Srivastava, J Joycee, K D Joshi2021年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

A pulsed DD neutron generator based on the plasma focus (PF) device has been developed. The PF device was assembled using a single energy storage capacitor (10 µF) and a triggerable spark gap switch in a compact geometry. The anode of the PF device was made of SS304 material with its tip modified using a high purity tungsten insert. Excluding the power supply, the size of the overall system was 0.6 × 0.6 × 1.0 m and the weight was less than 100 kg. A maximum DD neutron yield of (3.1 ± 0.2) × 108 neutrons/pulse and average DD neutron yield of (2.24 ± 0.16) × 108 neutrons/pulse (pulse duration = 35 ± 4 ns) into 4π sr were observed at a capacitor bank energy of 3.1 kJ (25 kV) and at 4.5 mbar D2 gas filling pressure. The experimentally observed average neutron yield was found to be around 30% more than the estimated yield obtained using scaling laws for neutrons (Yn ≈ 1.7 × 10−10I03.3; I0 is the peak discharge current in A). For a peak discharge current of 258 kA at 3.1 kJ, the neutron yield was estimated to be 1.23 × 108 neutrons/pulse. The higher neutron production was attributed to the efficient design of the PF device as well as to the low erosion of the anode tip because of the tungsten insert. Using the time-of-flight method, maximum neutron energy was calculated to be 3.91 ± 0.16 MeV in the radial direction at 4.5 mbar filling pressure. Numerical parametrization using the five-phase Lee model code was performed and found to be similar to PF devices developed across the world.

日本語訳

パルスDD中性子発生装置は、プラズマフォーカス(PF)装置に基づいて開発された。PF装置は、単一のエネルギー蓄積コンデンサ(10 µF)とトリガ式スパークギャップスイッチを用いて、コンパクトな形状で組み立てられた。PF装置の陽極はSS304材料で作製され、その先端には高純度タングステンインサートが使用された。電源を除いたシステム全体のサイズは0.6 × 0.6 × 1.0 mであり、重量は100 kg未満であった。最大DD中性子収量は(3.1 ± 0.2)× 10⁸ 中性子/パルス、平均DD中性子収量は(2.24 ± 0.16)× 10⁸ 中性子/パルス(パルス持続時間 = 35 ± 4 ns)であり、4π srに対して、コンデンサバンクエネルギー3.1 kJ(25 kV)、D₂ガス充填圧力4.5 mbarの条件下で観測された。実験的に観測された平均中性子収量は、中性子に関するスケーリング則(Yn ≈ 1.7 × 10⁻¹⁰I₀³·³;ここでI₀はピーク放電電流(A))を用いて推定された値よりも約30%高いことが判明した。ピーク放電電流258 kA、エネルギー3.1 kJの場合、中性子収量は1.23 × 10⁸ 中性子/パルスと推定された。より高い中性子生成は、PF装置の効率的な設計と、タングステンインサートによる陽極先端の低い侵食に起因するものと考えられた。飛行時間法を用いて、4.5 mbarの充填圧力における径方向の最大中性子エネルギーは3.91 ± 0.16 MeVと算出された。5相リー・モデルコードを用いた数値パラメータ化が実施され、その結果は世界中で開発されたPF装置と類似していることが判明した。

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