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An integrated model for materials in a fusion power plant: transmutation, gas production, and helium embrittlement under neutron irradiation

M.R. Gilbert, S.L. Dudarev, S. Zheng, L.W. Packer, J.-Ch. Sublet2012年被引用 237Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The high-energy, high-intensity neutron fluxes produced by the fusion plasma will have a significant life-limiting impact on reactor components in both experimental and commercial fusion devices. As well as producing defects, the neutrons bombarding the materials initiate nuclear reactions, leading to transmutation of the elemental atoms. Products of many of these reactions are gases, particularly helium, which can cause swelling and embrittlement of materials.This paper integrates several different computational techniques to produce a comprehensive picture of the response of materials to neutron irradiation, enabling the assessment of structural integrity of components in a fusion power plant. Neutron-transport calculations for a model of the next-step fusion device DEMO reveal the variation in exposure conditions in different components of the vessel, while inventory calculations quantify the associated implications for transmutation and gas production. The helium production rates are then used, in conjunction with a simple model for He-induced grain-boundary embrittlement based on electronic-structure density functional theory calculations, to estimate the timescales for susceptibility to grain-boundary failure in different fusion-relevant materials. There is wide variation in the predicted grain-boundary-failure lifetimes as a function of both microstructure and chemical composition, with some conservative predictions indicating much less than the required lifetime for components in a fusion power plant.

日本語訳

核融合プラズマによって生成される高エネルギー・高強度の中性子束は、実験用および商業用の核融合装置の両方において、炉内構成機器に重大な寿命制限的影響を及ぼす。中性子は材料中に欠陥を生成するだけでなく、材料に衝突して核反応を誘起し、元素の核変換をもたらす。これらの反応生成物の多くはガス状であり、特にヘリウムは材料のスエリングや脆化を引き起こす可能性がある。本論文では、複数の計算手法を統合することにより、核融合炉内材料の中性子照射応答に関する包括的な評価を行う。次世代核融合実証炉(DEMO)のモデルに対する中性子輸送計算により、炉内各部における照射条件の差異を明らかにし、さらに核変換計算によって、核変換生成物およびガス生成量の定量的評価を行う。得られたヘリウム生成率は、電子構造密度汎関数理論計算に基づくヘリウム誘起粒界脆化の簡易モデルと組み合わせられ、異なる核融合炉材料における粒界破壊感受性の時間スケールを推定するために用いられる。その結果、粒界破壊までの寿命は微細組織と化学組成の両方に強く依存し、いくつかの保守的な予測では、核融合発電所の構成機器に要求される設計寿命を大幅に下回ることが示された。

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HeliumFusion power plantNeutron irradiation
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