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Materials selection criteria and performance analysis for the TITAN-II reversed-field-pinch fusion power core

Shahram Sharafat, Nasr M. Ghoniem, Patrick I.H. Cooke, Rodger C. Martin, Clement P.C. Wong1993年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractThe TITAN-II reactor is a compact, high-neutron-wall-loading (18 MW/m2) design. The TITAN-II fusion power core (FPC) is cooled by an aqueous lithium-salt solution that also acts as the breeder material. The use of an aqueous solution imposes special constraints on the selection of structural and breeder material because of corrosion concerns, hydrogen embrittlement, and radiolytic effects. In this paper, the materials engineering and design considerations for the TITAN-II FPC are presented. Material selection criteria, based on electrochemical corrosion mechanisms of aqueous solutions coupled with radiolysis of water by ionizing radiation, resulted in the choice of a low-activation ferritic steel as structural material for TITAN-II. Stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen embrittlement, and changes in the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of ferritic alloys are discussed. Lithium-nitrate (LiNO3) salt was chosen over lithium hydroxide (LiOH) because it is less corrosive and reduces the net radiolytic decomposition rate of the water. The dissolved salt in the coolant changes the thermophysical properties of the coolant results in trade-offs between the lithium concentration in the coolant, neutronics performance, thermal and structural design. The TITAN-II design requires a neutron multiplier to achieve an adequate tritium breeding ratio. Beryllium is the primary neutron multiplier, assuming a maximum swelling of about 10% based on continuous self-limiting microcracking/sintering cycles.

日本語訳

TITAN-II 炉は、コンパクトで高中性子壁負荷(18 MW/m²)の設計である。TITAN-II 核融合動力炉心(FPC)は、増殖材としても機能する水性リチウム塩溶液によって冷却される。水性溶液の使用は、腐食、水素脆化、および放射線分解効果に関する懸念のため、構造材料および増殖材料の選択に特別な制約を課す。本論文では、TITAN-II FPC の材料工学的および設計上の考慮事項を提示する。材料選択基準は、電離放射線による水の放射線分解と組み合わされた水性溶液の電気化学的腐食機構に基づき、TITAN-II の構造材料として低放射化フェライト鋼を選択する結果となった。フェライト合金の応力腐食割れ、水素脆化、および延性-脆性遷移温度の変化について考察する。硝酸リチウム(LiNO₃)塩は、水酸化リチウム(LiOH)よりも腐食性が低く、水の正味の放射線分解速度を低減するため、後者よりも選択された。冷却材中に溶解した塩は冷却材の熱物性を変化させ、冷却材中のリチウム濃度、中性子工学的性能、熱設計および構造設計の間のトレードオフをもたらす。TITAN-II 設計は、十分なトリチウム増殖比を達成するために中性子増倍材を必要とする。ベリリウムが主要な中性子増倍材であり、連続的な自己制限型微細亀裂発生/焼結サイクルに基づき、約10%の最大膨張を仮定している。

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