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Properties of concentrated aqueous lithium nitrate solutions and applications to fusion reactor design

P.I.H. Cooke, S.P. Grotz, M.Z. Hasan, R. Martin, C.P.C. Wong1989年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

Aqueous solutions of Li-containing compounds have been proposed to serve as the combined tritium breeding material and coolant for fusion reactors. The salt used for the TITAN-II reversed-field-pinch reactor design is LiNO3, which was chosen for its good neutronics properties, relatively good corrosion characteristics, and for its high solubility in water. An extensive literature survey has shown that the physical and thermal properties of high-temperature, concentrated aqueous LiNO3 solutions are markedly different from the pure water properties at similar conditions. These changes alter the heat transfer performance of the coolant, and the critical heat flux is estimated to rise for sub-cooled flow boiling, while the heat transfer coefficient for forced convection falls. Another important result is the elevation in boiling point, which may allow the operating pressure of the primary coolant to be reduced to a value below that of the secondary steam circuit, preventing leakage of the tritiated coolant into the steam circuit. Further research is needed into corrosion and radiolysis issues, but the available data imply that careful control of the coolant chemistry can minimize the problems.

日本語訳

リチウム含有化合物の水溶液は、核融合炉のトリチウム増殖材料と冷却材を兼ねるものとして提案されている。TITAN-II逆転磁場ピンチ炉設計に使用される塩はLiNO3であり、これは優れた中性子特性、比較的良好な腐食特性、および水への高い溶解性のために選ばれた。広範な文献調査により、高温・高濃度のLiNO3水溶液の物理的および熱的特性は、同様の条件下での純水の特性とは著しく異なることが示されている。これらの変化は冷却材の熱伝達性能を変え、臨界熱流束はサブクール流動沸騰に対して上昇すると推定され、一方、強制対流の熱伝達係数は低下する。もう一つの重要な結果は沸点上昇であり、これにより一次冷却材の運転圧力を二次蒸気回路の圧力より低い値に低減できる可能性があり、トリチウムを含む冷却材の蒸気回路への漏洩を防ぐことができる。腐食と放射線分解の問題についてはさらなる研究が必要であるが、利用可能なデータは、冷却材の化学的性質を注意深く制御することで問題を最小限に抑えられることを示唆している。

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