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High heat load tests of a graphite armor first wall with a water cooling jacket

Yoshitaka Gotoh, Hisanori Okamura, Shin-ichi Itoh, Takeshi Wada, Yoshinori Karatsu1989年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

Heat load tests are performed on actively cooled graphite/stainless steel laminated structures, for the simulation of steady-state first wall operations in nuclear fusion reactors. Graphite armor tiles (40 mm × 40 mm × 10 mm) are brazed to stainless steel substrates (1 mm thick, 68 mm diameter) with the insertion of copper-carbon fiber composite (Cu-C) compliant layers (1.7 mm thick). Ag-28 wt%Cu-5wt%Ti solder and Ag-28wt%Cu solder are used for brazing the graphite/ Cu-C interface and Cu-C/stainless steel interface, respectively. Fine grain isotropic graphite and carbon fiber felt reinforced carbon composite (felt C-C) are chosen for armor tile materials. Thermal conductivities of these graphite materials, being measured through a laser flashing method, are 109 and 170 W/mK at room temperature, respectively.Heat load tests are carried out by using a 40 kW DC power source (maximum current: 1000 A). Pulsed thermal loads at heat fluxes ranging from 1 to 6 MW/m2 are realized either through resistance heating of a carbon felt heater on test specimens (1–4 MW/m2) or through electric arcing between a cathode graphite rod and graphite tiles of test specimens (> 4 MW/m2).Surface temperatures of graphite tiles are found to reach equilibrium temperatures at around 20 s after the start of heating. The equilibrium temperatures are higher by 30–40% for isotropic graphite tiles as compared to felt C-C tiles: 1800 °C for isotropic graphite and 1300 °C for felt C-C, at 6 MW/m2. The equilibrium temperature at the Cu-C layer for a 6 MW/m2 heat flux is measured to be around 600 °C.

日本語訳

核融合炉における定常状態の第一壁運転のシミュレーションとして、強制冷却された黒鉛/ステンレス鋼積層構造体の熱負荷試験を実施した。黒鉛アーマータイル(40 mm × 40 mm × 10 mm)は、銅-炭素繊維複合材料(Cu-C)製コンプライアント層(厚さ1.7 mm)を介在させて、ステンレス鋼基板(厚さ1 mm、直径68 mm)にろう付けした。黒鉛/Cu-C界面のろう付けにはAg-28 wt%Cu-5 wt%Tiろう材を、Cu-C/ステンレス鋼界面のろう付けにはAg-28 wt%Cuろう材をそれぞれ用いた。アーマータイル材料には、微細粒等方性黒鉛と炭素繊維フェルト強化炭素複合材料(フェルトC-C)を選定した。これらの黒鉛材料の熱伝導率は、レーザーフラッシュ法により測定した結果、室温でそれぞれ109 W/mKおよび170 W/mKであった。熱負荷試験は、40 kW直流電源(最大電流:1000 A)を用いて実施した。1~6 MW/m²の範囲のパルス熱負荷は、試験体上の炭素フェルトヒーターの抵抗加熱(1~4 MW/m²)、または陰極黒鉛ロッドと黒鉛タイル間の電気アーク(> 4 MW/m²)のいずれかによって実現した。黒鉛タイルの表面温度は、加熱開始後約20秒で平衡温度に達することが確認された。平衡温度は、6 MW/m²において、等方性黒鉛タイルの方がフェルトC-Cタイルと比較して30~40%高く、等方性黒鉛で1800°C、フェルトC-Cで1300°Cであった。6 MW/m²の熱流束におけるCu-C層の平衡温度は、約600°Cと測定された。

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