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Measurements of heat transfer coefficients at low contact pressures for actively cooled bolted armour concepts in Tore Supra

M Lipa, Ph Chappuis, A Dufayet2000年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractFor the future upgrade of inner vessel components (CIEL project) a guard limiter for plasma ramp-up and disruption protection will be installed on the high field side of the vacuum vessel. Among transient heat loads, this structure has to sustain a moderate heat flux in the range of ≤0.5 MW/m2 during quasi steady state operation (1000 s). A bolted carboncarbon (CC) tile is preferred compared with a brazed tile solution due to the expected moderate heat fluxes, costs and the possibility of rapid replacement of individual tiles. Large flat tile assemblies require a sufficient soft and conductive compliant layer enclosed between tile and heat sink in order to avoid thermal contact loss of the assembly during heat loads and therefore minimising the tile surface temperature. The global heat transfer coefficient (Hgl) under vacuum at low contact pressures (0.5–1.5 MPa) between CC and CuCrZr heat sink substrata has been measured in the experimental device, installation of contact heat transfer measurements (ITTAC), using different compliant materials. It appears that the best compliant layer is a graphite sheet (PAPYEX), compared with copper-felt/foam material. As an example, a Hgl number of ∼104 W/m2 K at an average contact pressure of 0.5 MPa has been measured near room temperature between CC (SEP N11) and CuCrZr substrata using a 0.5-mm thick PAPYEX layer. Thermohydraulic calculations (2D) of the guard limiter design show an expected tile surface temperature of about 550°C in steady state regime for an incident heat flux of 0.5 MW/m2.

日本語訳

将来の内部容器コンポーネントのアップグレード(CIELプロジェクト)に向けて、プラズマ立ち上げ時およびディスラプション保護用のガードリミッターが真空容器の高磁場側に設置される予定である。過渡的な熱負荷の中でも、この構造体は準定常運転時(1000秒)において≤0.5 MW/m²の範囲の穏やかな熱流束に耐える必要がある。ボルト締結式の炭素-炭素(C-C)タイルは、想定される穏やかな熱流束、コスト、および個々のタイルの迅速な交換の可能性の観点から、ろう付け式タイルの解決策よりも優先される。大型の平坦なタイル組立体には、熱負荷中の組立体の熱接触喪失を回避し、それによってタイル表面温度を最小化するために、タイルとヒートシンクの間に封入された十分に柔軟で熱伝導性の高い緩衝層が必要である。異なる緩衝材を用いて、実験装置「接触熱伝達測定設備(ITTAC)」において、C-CとCuCrZrヒートシンク基材間の真空下・低接触圧力(0.5〜1.5 MPa)での総合熱伝達係数(Hgl)が測定された。銅フェルト/フォーム材と比較して、グラファイトシート(PAPYEX)が最適な緩衝層であることが判明した。一例として、0.5 mm厚のPAPYEX層を用いたC-C(SEP N11)とCuCrZr基材間において、室温付近・平均接触圧力0.5 MPaで約10⁴ W/m²·KのHgl値が測定された。ガードリミッター設計の熱流体力学的計算(2次元)により、入射熱流束0.5 MW/m²の定常状態において、想定タイル表面温度は約550°Cとなることが示された。

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