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Technologies for ITER divertor vertical target plasma facing components

J. Schlosser, F. Escourbiac, M. Merola, S. Fouquet, P. Bayetti, J.J. Cordier, A. Grosman, M. Missirlian, R. Tivey, M. Rödig2005年被引用 40Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The ITER divertor vertical target has to sustain heat fluxes up to 20 MW m−2. The concept developed for this plasma facing component working at steady state is based on carbon fibre composite armour for the lower straight part and tungsten for the curved upper part. The main challenges involved in the use of such components include the removal of the high heat fluxes deposited and mechanically and thermally joining the armour to the metallic heat sink, despite the mismatch in the thermal expansions. Two solutions based on the use of a CuCrZr hardened copper alloy and an active metal casting (AMC®) process were investigated during the ITER EDA phase: the first one called 'flat tile geometry' was mainly developed for the Tore Supra pumped limiter, the second one called 'monoblock geometry' was developed by the EU Participating Team for the ITER project. This paper presents a review of these two solutions and analyses their assets and drawbacks: pressure drop, critical heat flux, surface temperature and expected behaviour during operation, risks during the manufacture, control of the armour defects during the manufacture and at the reception, and the possibility of repairing defective tiles.

日本語訳

ITERダイバータ垂直ターゲットは、最大20 MW m⁻²の熱流束に耐える必要がある。定常状態で作動するこのプラズマ対向部品のために開発されたコンセプトは、下部直線部に炭素繊維複合材料アーマー、上部湾曲部にタングステンを採用している。このような部品の使用に伴う主な課題には、堆積した高熱流束の除去、および熱膨張の不整合にもかかわらずアーマーを金属製ヒートシンクに機械的・熱的に接合することが含まれる。ITER EDAフェーズ中に、CuCrZr硬化銅合金と活性金属鋳造(AMC®)プロセスの使用に基づく2つの解決策が調査された。第1の解決策は「フラットタイル形状」と呼ばれ、主にTore Supraポンプリミッタ用に開発された。第2の解決策は「モノブロック形状」と呼ばれ、ITER用にEU参加チームによって開発された。本論文は、これら2つの解決策のレビューを提示し、それらの利点と欠点を分析する:圧力損失、臨界熱流束、表面温度、運転中の予想挙動、製造中のリスク、製造中および受入時のアーマー欠陥の管理、ならびに欠陥タイルの修理の可能性。

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