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Plasma behaviour with hydrogen supersonic molecular beam and cluster jet injection in the HL-2A tokamak

Lianghua Yao, Beibing Feng, Chengyuan Chen, Zhongbin Shi, Baoshan Yuan, Yan Zhou, Xuru Duan, Hongjuan Sun, Jie Lu, Yiming Jiao2007年被引用 67Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The experimental results of low pressure supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) fuelling on the HL-2A closed divertor indicate that during the period of pulsed SMBI the power density convected at the target plate surfaces was 0.4 times of that before or after the beam injection. An empirical scaling law used for the SMBI penetration depth for the HL-2A plasma was obtained. The cluster jet injection (CJI) is a new fuelling method which is based on and developed from the experiments of SMBI in the HL-1M tokamak. The hydrogen clusters are produced at liquid nitrogen temperature in a supersonic adiabatic expansion of moderate backing pressure gases into vacuum through a Laval nozzle and are measured by Rayleigh scattering. The measurement results have shown that the averaged cluster size of as large as hundreds of atoms was found at the backing pressures of more than 0.1 MPa. Multifold diagnostics gave coincidental evidence that when there was hydrogen CJI in the HL-2A plasma, a great deal of particles from the jet were deposited at a terminal area rather than uniformly ablated along the injecting path. SMB with clusters, which are like micro-pellets, will be of benefit for deeper fuelling, and its injection behaviour was somewhat similar to that of pellet injection. Both the particle penetration depth and the fuelling efficiency of the CJI were distinctly better than that of the normal SMBI under similar discharge operation. During hydrogen CJI or high-pressure SMBI, a combination of collision and radiative stopping forced the runaway electrons to cool down to thermal velocity due to such a massive fuelling.

日本語訳

HL-2A閉ダイバータにおける低圧超音速分子ビーム入射(SMBI)の実験結果は、パルス入射期間中、ターゲット板での対流熱流束が入射前後の0.4倍であったことを示している。HL-2AプラズマにおけるSMBIの侵入深さに関する経験則が得られた。クラスタージェット入射(CJI)は、HL-1MトカマクにおけるSMBIの実験に基づいて開発された新しい燃料供給方法である。水素クラスターは、液体窒素温度において、中程度の背圧のガスをラバールノズルを通して真空容器内へ超音速断熱膨張させることにより生成され、レイリー散乱により計測された。計測結果は、0.1 MPa以上の背圧において、平均サイズが数百原子に達するクラスターが生成されることを示した。多角的な診断により、HL-2Aプラズマへの水素CJI時において、噴射された粒子の大部分は入射経路に沿って一様にアブレーションされるのではなく、終端領域に堆積することが確認された。クラスターを伴うSMBIはマイクロペレットに類似しており、より深い燃料供給に有利であり、その入射挙動はペレット入射にある程度類似していた。CJIの粒子侵入深さと燃料供給効率は、同様の放電条件下での通常のSMBIよりも明確に優れていた。水素CJIまたは高圧SMBI中には、このような大規模な燃料供給により、衝突と放射の複合効果が逃走電子を熱速度まで減速させた。

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JETHL-2AMolecular beamSupersonic molecular beam injection
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