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W transport and accumulation control in the termination phase of JET H-mode discharges and implications for ITER

F Köchl, A Loarte, E de la Luna, V Parail, G Corrigan, D Harting, I Nunes, C Reux, F G Rimini, A Polevoi2018年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Tokamak operation with W PFCs is associated with specific challenges for impurity control, which may be particularly demanding in the transition from stationary H-mode to L-mode. To address W control issues in this phase, dedicated experiments have been performed at JET including the variation of the decrease of the power and current, gas fuelling and central ion cyclotron heating (ICRH), and applying active ELM control by vertical kicks. The experimental results obtained demonstrate the key role of maintaining ELM control to control the W concentration in the exit phase of H-modes with slow (ITER-like) ramp-down of the neutral beam injection power in JET.For these experiments, integrated fully predictive core+edge+SOL transport modelling studies applying discrete models for the description of transients such as sawteeth and ELMs have been performed for the first time with the JINTRAC suite of codes for the entire transition from stationary H-mode until the time when the plasma would return to L-mode focusing on the W transport behaviour. Simulations have shown that the existing models can appropriately reproduce the plasma profile evolution in the core, edge and SOL as well as W accumulation trends in the termination phase of JET H-mode discharges as function of the applied ICRH and ELM control schemes, substantiating the ambivalent effect of ELMs on W sputtering on one side and on edge transport affecting core W accumulation on the other side. The sensitivity with respect to NB particle and momentum sources has also been analysed and their impact on neoclassical W transport has been found to be crucial to reproduce the observed W accumulation characteristics in JET discharges.In this paper the results of the JET experiments, the comparison with JINTRAC modelling and the adequacy of the models to reproduce the experimental results are described and conclusions are drawn regarding the applicability of these models for the extrapolation of the applied W accumulation control techniques to ITER.

日本語訳

W PFCを用いたトカマク運転は、不純物制御に関して特有の課題を伴い、定常HモードからLモードへの遷移において特に困難となる可能性がある。この位相におけるW制御の問題に対処するため、JETにおいて、出力と電流の減少、ガス入射、中心イオンサイクロトロン加熱(ICRH)の変化を含む専用実験が実施された。得られた実験結果は、中性粒子ビーム入射出力の緩やかな(ITER類似の)ランプダウンを伴うHモードの終了位相において、W濃度を制御するためのELM制御の維持が重要な役割を果たすことを実証している。これらの実験に対して、サソリ振動やELMなどの過渡現象の記述に個別モデルを適用した、統合的な完全予測型コア+エッジ+スクレイプオフ層(SOL)輸送モデリング研究が、JINTRACコード群を用いて、定常HモードからプラズマがLモードに戻る時点までの全遷移に対して初めて実施された。シミュレーションは、既存のモデルが、コア、エッジ、SOLにおけるプラズマ分布の時間発展と、適用されたICRHおよびELM制御スキームの関数としてのJET Hモード放電の終了位相におけるW蓄積傾向を適切に再現できることを示した。ELMは一方でWのスパッタリングに影響し、他方でコアW蓄積に影響するエッジ輸送に影響するという二面的な効果が確認された。NB粒子および運動量源に関する感度解析も実施され、それらの新古典W輸送への影響が、JET放電における観測されたW蓄積特性を再現するために重要であることが判明した。本論文では、JET実験の結果、JINTRACモデリングとの比較、および実験結果を再現するモデルの妥当性について述べ、これらのモデルのITERへのW蓄積制御技術の外挿への適用可能性に関して結論を導く。

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