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Nonlinear dynamics of multidimensional electrostatic excitations in nonthermal plasmas

G Williams, I Kourakis2013年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Electrostatic solitary waves in plasmas are the focus of many current studies of localized electrostatic disturbances in both laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. Motivated by recent experimental observations, in which electrostatic solitary structures were detected in laser-plasma experiments, we have undertaken an investigation of the nonlinear dynamics of plasma evolving in two dimensions, in the presence of excess superthermal background electrons. We investigate the effect of a magnetic field on weakly nonlinear ion-acoustic waves. Deviation from the Maxwellian distribution is effectively modelled by the kappa model. A linear dispersion relation is derived, and a decrease in frequency and phase speed in both parallel and perpendicular modes can be seen, which is due to excess superthermal electrons, and which is stronger in the upper mode, and hardly noticeable in the lower (acoustic) mode. We show that ion-acoustic solitary waves can be generated during the nonlinear evolution of a plasma fluid, and their nonlinear propagation is governed by a Zakharov–Kuznetsov (ZK) type equation. A multiple scales perturbation technique is used to derive the ZK equation. Shock excitations can be produced if we allow for dissipation in the model, resulting in a Zakharov–Kuznetsov Burgers type equation. Different types of shock solutions and solitary waves are obtained, depending on the relation between the system parameters, and the effect of these on electrostatic shock structures is investigated numerically. A parametric investigation is conducted into the role of plasma nonthermality and magnetic field strength.

日本語訳

プラズマ中の静電孤立波は、実験室プラズマと天体プラズマの両方における局所的な静電擾乱の研究の焦点となっている。最近の実験観測に動機づけられ、過剰な超熱電子を伴う二次元プラズマの非線形力学の研究を行った。弱非線形イオン音波に対する磁場の影響を調査する。マクスウェル分布からのずれは、カッパモデルによって効果的に記述される。線形分散関係を導出し、周波数と位相速度の減少が平行および垂直の両モードで観測される。この減少は過剰な超熱電子に起因し、上部モードでより顕著であり、下部(音響)モードではほとんど見られない。プラズマ流体の非線形発展中にイオン音波孤立波が生成され得ることを示し、その非線形伝播はザハロフ・クズネツォフ(ZK)型方程式によって支配される。ZK方程式を導出するために多重尺度摂動法を用いる。散逸を考慮すると衝撃波励起が可能となり、ザハロフ・クズネツォフ・バーガース型方程式が得られる。システムパラメータの関係に応じて異なるタイプの衝撃波解と孤立波解が得られ、これらの解が静電構造に及ぼす影響を数値的に調査する。プラズマの非熱性と磁場強度の役割についてパラメトリックな調査を行う。

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