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Li experiments on T-11M and T-10 in support of a steady-state tokamak concept with Li closed loop circulation

S.V. Mirnov, E.A. Azizov, A.G. Alekseev, V.B. Lazarev, R.R. Khayrutdinov, I.E. Lyublinski, A.V. Vertkov, V.A. Vershkov2011年被引用 37Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

This paper presents a review of the last T-11M and T-10 tokamak activity in the field of Li plasma facing component (PFC) investigation. Attention is mainly paid to the realization of the concept of closed loop lithium circulation as a solution of the PFC problem of a steady-state DT volumetric neutron source on a tokamak basis. Realization of the Li PFC concept demands the decision of three main tasks: lithium injection into the plasma, Li collection before its deposition on the vacuum vessel and the return of Li to the injection zone from the collector. This emitter–collector concept assumes that the main heat flux from a hot plasma to the PFC (limiters and divertor plates) can be dissipated on the entire vessel wall surface by non-coronal Li radiation, which will smoothen the local heat load PFC. A rail limiter on the basis of a capillary porous system manufactured from tungsten felt and provided with W wings was successfully tested in the last T-11M experiments as a prototype of steady-state Li emitter–collector. A witness-sample analysis showed that the lateral sides of the rail and ring limiters crossing the plasma scrape-off layer can collect a significant (∼80%) part of Li, injected into the plasma during discharges. This can be used in the future for closing Li loop circulation. As was shown by Li pellet injection in T-10, the probability of Li penetration into the hot plasma core from its boundary is lower than that of deuterium by a factor of 5–10. This result can explain the effect of plasma cleaning (Zeff (0) ∼ 1) during T-10 Li experiments. Some different schemes of future lithium circulation loops are discussed.

日本語訳

本論文は、Liプラズマ対向機器(PFC)の研究分野における、T-11MおよびT-10トカマクの最近の活動のレビューを提示する。主な焦点は、定常DT体積中性子源トカマクにおけるPFC問題の解決策としての、閉ループリチウム循環の概念の実現に置かれている。Li PFC概念の実現には、3つの主要な課題の解決が必要である:プラズマへのリチウム注入、真空容器壁上へのリチウム堆積の防止、そしてリチウムの捕集・再注入である。エミッター・コレクター概念は、高温プラズマからPFC(リミターおよびダイバータ板)への熱流束が、非コロナLi放射によって容器壁全体に分散され、それにより局所的な熱負荷が低減されることを想定している。タングステンフェルトから作製された毛管多孔質システムに基づくレール型リミターは、定常状態のLiエミッター・コレクターのプロトタイプとして、最近のT-11M実験で成功裏に試験された。ウィットネスサンプル分析により、スクレイプオフ層を横切るレール型およびリング型リミターの側面が、放電中にプラズマへ注入されたLiの約80%を捕集できることが示された。これは、将来の閉ループLi循環の実現に利用できる。T-10でのLiペレット注入実験により、周辺部から高温プラズマコアへのLiの浸入確率は、重水素のそれよりも5〜10倍低いことが示された。この結果は、T-10のLi実験中に観測されたプラズマ浄化効果(Zeff(0)≈1)を説明できる。将来の様々なリチウム循環ループのスキームについて議論する。

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