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Electron cyclotron heating during ECRH-assisted pre-ionization in a tokamak

JaeChun Seol, B.H. Park, S.S. Kim, J.Y. Kim, Yong-Su Na2010年被引用 17Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

In this research, we investigate electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) for low-energy electrons analytically and numerically, which is applicable to ECRH-assisted plasma start-up in a tokamak. From the previous experimental studies, it is well known that the first harmonic ECRH is more effective than the second harmonic ECRH. In this work, we develop an analytic model of ECRH in the start-up process and present comparisons of efficiency between the first harmonic and the second harmonic. It is found that electrons gain a large amount of energy from the waves at the first harmonic resonance up to several hundred electronvolts. However, electrons gain a large amount of energy from the waves only up to ∼10 eV and the energy gain starts decreasing afterwards at the second harmonic resonance. When seed electrons are heated from room temperature to a temperature far above the ionization energy, the seed electrons can bring about an avalanche of electrons. Thus, pre-ionization with the second harmonic can be delayed since electrons need more time to be heated up to the breakdown temperature due to the slow heating speed compared with the first harmonic ECRH.

日本語訳

本研究では、トカマクにおけるECRH支援プラズマ立ち上げに適用可能な、低エネルギー電子に対する電子サイクロトロン共鳴加熱(ECRH)を解析的および数値的に調査する。これまでの実験研究から、第1高調波ECRHが第2高調波ECRHよりも効果的であることがよく知られている。本研究では、立ち上げ過程におけるECRHの解析モデルを開発し、第1高調波と第2高調波の間の効率比較を示す。第1高調波共鳴では、電子が波から数百電子ボルトまでの大きなエネルギーを得ることが見出された。しかし、第2高調波共鳴では、電子は約10 eVまでしか波から大きなエネルギーを得ることができず、その後エネルギー利得は減少し始める。種電子が室温から電離エネルギーをはるかに超える温度まで加熱されると、種電子は電子なだれを引き起こすことができる。したがって、第2高調波を用いた予備電離は、第1高調波ECRHと比較して加熱速度が遅いため、電子が破壊温度まで加熱されるのに多くの時間を要し、遅延する可能性がある。

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Electron cyclotron heating
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