Energetic particles produced by neutral beams are observed to excite energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic modes in tokamaks. We study the effects of anisotropy of distribution function of the energetic particles on the excitation of such instabilities with ORB5, a gyrokinetic particle-in-cell code. Numerical results are shown for linear electrostatic simulations with ORB5. The growth rate is found to be sensitively dependent on the phase-space shape of the distribution function. The behavior of the instability is qualitatively compared to the theoretical analysis of dispersion relations. Realistic neutral beam energetic particle anisotropic distributions are obtained from the heating solver RABBIT and are introduced into ORB5 as input distribution function. Results show a dependence of the growth rate on the injection angle. A qualitative comparison between the numerical results and experimental measurements is presented. An explanation for the differences is advanced.
Effect of elongation on energetic particle-induced geodesic acoustic mode