Due to the high neutron yield and the large plasma size many ITER plasma parameters such as fusion power, power density, ion temperature, fast ion energy and their spatial distributions in the plasma core can be measured well by various neutron diagnostics. Neutron diagnostic systems under consideration and development for ITER include radial and vertical neutron cameras (RNC and VNC), internal and external neutron flux monitors (NFMs), neutron activation systems and neutron spectrometers. The two-dimensional neutron source strength and spectral measurements can be provided by the combined RNC and VNC. The NFMs need to meet the ITER requirement of time-resolved measurements of the neutron source strength and can provide the signals necessary for real-time control of the ITER fusion power. Compact and high throughput neutron spectrometers are under development. A concept for the absolute calibration of neutron diagnostic systems is proposed. The development, testing in existing experiments and the engineering integration of all neutron diagnostic systems into ITER are in progress and the main results are presented.
由于高中子产额和大的等离子体尺寸，许多ITER等离子体参数，如聚变功率、功率密度、离子温度、快离子能量及其在等离子体芯部的空间分布，可以通过各种中子诊断手段得到很好的测量。正在考虑并为ITER开发的中子诊断系统包括径向和垂直中子相机（RNC和VNC）、内部和外部中子通量监测器（NFM）、中子活化系统以及中子谱仪。通过RNC和VNC的组合，可以提供二维中子源强度和谱的测量。NFM需要满足ITER对中子源强度时间分辨测量的要求，并能提供实时控制ITER聚变功率所需的信号。紧凑型高通量中子谱仪正在开发中。提出了中子诊断系统绝对标定的概念。所有中子诊断系统在现有实验装置上的开发、测试以及向ITER的工程集成正在进行中，并介绍了主要结果。