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Production and transport modelling of Po-210 in DEMO reactor

P. Chiovaro, A. Quartararo, S. Basile, S. Ciattaglia, P.A. Di Maio, F. Moro, I. Moscato, G.A. Spagnuolo2022年被引用 1Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

One of the generic designs of the nuclear fusion DEMO reactor proposed by the EUROfusion consortium foresees the development of a tritium breeding blanket (BB) relying on the use of the liquid-metal PbLi eutectic alloy as both neutron multiplier and tritium breeder, namely the water-cooled lithium lead (WCLL) BB, whose strengths and weaknesses are well known. This paper focuses the attention on one of the possible disadvantages of such a technology: the production of the highly radiotoxic radionuclide 210Po, which could become a safety issue to be accounted for. The 210Po concentration within the PbLi circuit has been assessed by solving a modified version of Bateman's equations to consider the alloy circulation, so a one-dimensional convective fluid-dynamic model has been set up. Nuclear quantities have been evaluated by Monte Carlo neutron transport analyses using MCNP code and adopting a fully heterogeneous model of DEMO equipped with the WCLL BB. Moreover, rough sensitivity analyses have been performed to assess the influence on the results of the uncertainties related to the 209Bi radiative-capture cross section and the initial concentration of this nuclide which is present in the PbLi as an impurity. Results obtained have been critically discussed and some safety issues have been addressed to evaluate the possible hazard in case of a leak of PbLi accident.

日本語訳

欧州核融合コンソーシアム(EUROfusion)が提案する核融合DEMO炉の汎用設計の一つは、液体金属PbLi共晶合金を中性子増倍材兼トリチウム増殖材として使用するトリチウム増殖ブランケット(BB)、すなわち水冷リチウム鉛(WCLL)BBの開発を想定しており、その長所と短所はよく知られている。本論文は、このような技術の潜在的な欠点の一つ、すなわち高放射性毒性核種である²¹⁰Poの生成に焦点を当てており、これは安全性上の考慮事項となり得る。PbLi回路内の²¹⁰Po濃度は、合金の循環を考慮するために修正されたベイトマン方程式を解くことによって評価され、そのために一次元対流流体力学モデルが構築された。核データは、WCLL BBを装備したDEMO炉の完全不均質モデルを採用し、MCNPコードを用いたモンテカルロ中性子輸送解析によって評価された。さらに、PbLi中に不純物として存在する²⁰⁹Biの放射捕獲断面積およびその初期濃度に関連する不確かさが結果に及ぼす影響を評価するため、簡易感度解析が実施された。得られた結果は批判的に考察され、PbLi漏洩事故の場合の潜在的な危険性を評価するためにいくつかの安全上の問題が提起された。

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