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Relativistic limitations on runaway electrons

J.W. Connor, R.J. Hastie1975年被引用 280Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The non-relativistic theory of a plasma in an electric field E predicts that there will always be runaway electrons, although their number will be exponentially small for fields less than the Dreicer field ED. However, when E/ED ∼ kT/mec2, the ratio of the electron thermal energy to the rest mass energy, relativistic effects become important. After comparing earlier non-relativistic calculations we extend the approach of Kruskal and Bernstein to take account of relativistic effects and also to investigate the influence of impurities. It is found that below the critical electric field ER = ED (kT/mec2) absolutely no runaways are generated. In addition, the number of runaway electrons produced by electric fields in excess of ER is calculated and we find significant modifications to the non-relativistic estimates when (ED/E)2 (kT/mec2) > 1.

日本語訳

非相対論的なプラズマの電場E中での理論は、ドライサー場EDより小さい電場ではその数が指数関数的に小さくなるものの、常に逃走電子が存在することを予測する。しかしながら、E/ED ∼ kT/mec²(ここでkT/mec²は電子の熱エネルギーと静止質量エネルギーの比)の場合、相対論的効果が重要となる。先行する非相対論的计算との比較を行った後、我々はKruskalとBernsteinの手法を拡張して相対論的効果を考慮に入れ、さらに不純物の影響を調査する。臨界電場ER = ED(kT/mec²)より下では、逃走電子はまったく生成されないことが見出された。さらに、ERを超える電場によって生成される逃走電子の数も計算し、(ED/E)²(kT/mec²) > 1の場合には非相対論的推定からの有意な修正が見られることを明らかにした。

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