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Surface modification and deuterium retention in reduced-activation steels under low-energy deuterium plasma exposure. Part I: undamaged steels

O.V. Ogorodnikova, Z. Zhou, K. Sugiyama, M. Balden, Yu. Gasparyan, V. Efimov2017年被引用 28Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

In this paper, reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels including Eurofer (9Cr) and oxide dispersion strengthening (ODS) steels by the addition of Y2O3 particles with different amounts of Cr, namely, (9-16)Cr were exposed to low energy deuterium (D) plasma (~20–200 eV per D) up to a fluence of 2.9  ×  1025 D m−2 in the temperature range from 290 K to 700 K. The depth profile of D in steels was measured up to 8 µm depth by nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) and the total retained amount of D in those materials was determined by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). It was found that the D retention in ODS steels is higher compared to Eurofer due to the much higher density of fine dispersoids and finer grain size. This work shows that in addition to the sintering temperature and time, the type, size and concentration of the doping particles have an enormous effect on the increase in the D retention. The D retention in undamaged ODS steels strongly depends on the Cr content: ODS with 12Cr has a minimum and the D retention in the case of ODS with (14-16)Cr is higher compared to (9-12)Cr. The replacing of Ti by Al in ODS-14Cr steels reduces the D retention. The formation of nano-structure surface roughness enriched in W or Ta due to combination of preferential sputtering of light elements and radiation-induced segregation was observed at incident D ion energy of 200 eV for both Eurofer and ODS steels. Both the surface roughness and the eroded layer enhance with increasing the temperature. The surface modifications result in a reduction of the D retention near the surface due to increasing the desorption flux and can reduce the overall D retention.

日本語訳

本論文では、Eurofer(9Cr)を含む低放射化フェライト/マルテンサイト(RAFM)鋼と、異なる量のCr、すなわち(9-16)Crを添加したY2O3粒子の添加による酸化物分散強化(ODS)鋼を、290 Kから700 Kの温度範囲で、2.9 × 10^25 D m^−2のフルエンスまで、低エネルギーの重水素(D)プラズマ(約20〜200 eV/D)に曝露した。鋼中のDの深さプロファイルを核反応解析(NRA)により8 µmの深さまで測定し、それらの材料中のDの全保持量を昇温脱離分光法(TDS)により決定した。ODS鋼中のD保持量は、微細な分散粒子の密度がはるかに高く、結晶粒径が微細であるため、Euroferと比較して高いことが見出された。この研究は、焼結温度と時間に加えて、ドープ粒子の種類、サイズ、濃度がD保持量の増加に大きな影響を与えることを示している。未損傷のODS鋼におけるD保持量はCr含有量に強く依存し、12CrのODSは最小となり、(14-16)CrのODSのD保持量は(9-12)Crと比較して高い。ODS-14Cr鋼においてTiをAlに置き換えると、D保持量が減少する。軽元素の選択スパッタリングと照射誘起偏析の組み合わせによる、WまたはTaに富むナノ構造の表面粗さの形成が、Eurofer鋼とODS鋼の両方で、200 eVの入射Dイオンエネルギーで観察された。表面粗さと侵食層の両方が、温度の上昇とともに増大する。表面改質は、脱離フラックスの増加により表面近傍のD保持量を減少させ、全体的なD保持量を低減させることができる。

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