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Investigation of radiofrequency plasma sources for space travel

C Charles, R W Boswell, K Takahashi2012年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Optimization of radiofrequency (RF) plasma sources for the development of space thrusters differs from other applications such as plasma processing of materials since power efficiency, propellant usage, particle acceleration or heating become driving parameters. The development of two RF (13.56 MHz) plasma sources, the high-pressure (∼1 Torr) capacitively coupled 'pocket rocket' plasma micro-thruster and the low-pressure (∼1 mTorr) inductively coupled helicon double layer thruster (HDLT), is discussed within the context of mature and emerging electric propulsion devices. The density gradient in low-pressure expanding RF plasmas creates an electric field that accelerates positive ions out of the plasma. Generally, the total potential drop is similar to that of a wall sheath allowing the plasma electrons to neutralize the ion beam. A high-pressure expansion with no applied magnetic field can result in large dissociation rates and/or a collimated beam of ions of small area and a flowing heated neutral beam ('pocket rocket'). A low-pressure expansion dominated by a magnetic field can result in the formation of electric double layers which produce a very directed neutralized beam of ions of large area (HDLT).

日本語訳

RFプラズマ源の最適化は、宇宙スラスタの開発において、材料のプラズマ処理などの他の応用とは異なり、電力効率、推進剤使用量、粒子加速、または加熱が駆動パラメータとなるため、異なるアプローチが必要となる。2つのRF(13.56 MHz)プラズマ源、すなわち高圧(約1 Torr)容量結合型「ポケットロケット」プラズママイクロスラスタと、低圧(約1 mTorr)誘導結合型ヘリコン二重層スラスタ(HDLT)の開発について、成熟したおよび新興の電気推進デバイスの文脈で論じる。低圧膨張RFプラズマにおける密度勾配は、プラズマから正イオンを加速する電場を生成する。一般に、全電位降下は壁シースのそれと類似しており、プラズマ電子がイオンビームを中和することを可能にする。印加磁場を伴わない高圧膨張は、大きな解離率および/または小面積のイオンのコリメートされたビームと、流れる加熱中性ビーム(「ポケットロケット」)をもたらす可能性がある。磁場が支配する低圧膨張は、電気二重層の形成をもたらし、大面積のイオンの非常に指向性の高い中和ビーム(HDLT)を生成する。

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