Effectiveness of high harmonic electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) was investigated by both experiments and ray-trace analyses. The conditions of both the EC wave injection and the magnetic field configuration were optimized in the large helical device. In the case of the second harmonic ordinary mode injection with a frequency of 77 GHz and with the optimized injection angle, about 30–40% absorption could be kept beyond the cut-off density of the second harmonic extraordinary (X2) mode, which is 3.7 × 1019 m−3. In the third harmonic X (X3) mode heating experiment, the dependence of the absorption rate on plasma density and temperature of the target plasma was precisely investigated and compared with the ray-trace (TRAVIS code) calculation. The calculation results of the absorption rate show fairly good agreement with the experimentally obtained ones on the plasma-parameter dependences. The maximum absorption rate in the X3 heating experiment attained approximately 40% around the electron density of 1.5 × 1019 m−3 and the electron temperature of 1.2 keV. Superposed stepwise injection from three gyrotrons with a total of 3 MW increased the central electron temperature to about 3.5 times of the initial target plasma temperature of 0.6 keV. This shows that the temperature increase improves the absorption rate of the subsequent injection.
Absorption of fast waves excited by a phased four-loop antenna array in the JFT-2M tokamak