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Recent progress of thick tungsten coating prepared by chemical vapor deposition as the plasma-facing material

Z. Chen, Y. Li, L. Cheng, Z. Wang, Y. Lian, X. Liu, F. Feng, J. Wang, Y. Tan, T.W. Morgan2021年被引用 4Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a promising technique for the preparation of W-based plasma-facing materials (PFMs). An overview of the microstructure, chemical composition, thermal conductivity, thermal stability, thermal shock performance under disruption-like and edge localized mode-like transient heat load, and neutron irradiation performance of CVD-W has been given in our previous work. However, for fusion applications, additional properties need to be assessed. To this end, deuterium (D) permeability, D plasma irradiation performance, and thermal fatigue resistance of CVD-W were investigated in this work. The results showed that the D permeability of CVD-W in the temperature range of 973–1173 K was larger than that of the commercial pure W, which was related to the columnar grain structure of CVD-W. Additionally, both CVD-W and commercial pure W were exposed to D plasma up to a fluence of 1 × 1026 m−2. Compared to commercial pure W, CVD-W exhibited a mitigated blistering behavior and lower D total retention, which could be attributed to its strong [001] crystallographic texture along the thickness direction and a lower number of defect density (e.g. grain boundaries). CVD-W and commercial pure W were also exposed to steady-state and transient heat load simultaneously, leading to a base surface temperature and surface temperature increase of about 953–1473 K and 250–300 K, respectively. A strong grain orientation dependence of the surface degradation induced by the combined heat load has been found. Consequently, CVD-W exhibited a much more uniform plastic deformation than pure W, and no surface cracks along grain boundaries were observed in CVD-W. Finally, the industrial-scale production of CVD-W-based PFMs and mockups was demonstrated. This work paves the way for the fusion applications of thick CVD-W coatings.

日本語訳

化学蒸着(CVD)は、W系プラズマ対向材料(PFM)の作製に有望な技術である。CVD-Wの微細組織、化学組成、熱伝導率、熱安定性、ディスラプション様およびELM様過渡熱負荷下での熱衝撃特性、ならびに中性子照射特性の概要は、我々の以前の研究で示した。しかし、核融合応用のためには、さらなる特性の評価が必要である。この目的のため、本研究ではCVD-Wの重水素(D)透過率、Dプラズマ照射特性、および熱疲労抵抗性を調査した。結果は、973–1173 Kの温度範囲におけるCVD-WのD透過率が、市販の純Wのそれよりも大きいことを示し、これはCVD-Wの柱状結晶粒組織に関連していた。さらに、CVD-Wと市販の純Wの両方を、フルエンス1 × 10²⁶ m⁻²までのDプラズマに曝露した。市販の純Wと比較して、CVD-Wは緩和されたブリスター形成挙動とより低いD総保持量を示し、これは厚さ方向に沿った強い[001]結晶学的集合組織と、より低い欠陥密度(例えば粒界)に起因する可能性がある。CVD-Wと市販の純Wはまた、定常熱負荷と過渡熱負荷に同時に曝露され、その結果、ベース表面温度と表面温度上昇はそれぞれ約953–1473 Kおよび250–300 Kとなった。複合熱負荷によって誘起される表面劣化の強い結晶粒方位依存性が見出された。結果として、CVD-Wは純Wよりもはるかに均一な塑性変形を示し、CVD-Wには粒界に沿った表面亀裂は観察されなかった。最後に、CVD-WベースのPFMおよびモックアップの工業規模での製造が実証された。本研究は、厚膜CVD-Wコーティングの核融合応用への道を開くものである。

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