Measurements of edge profiles, turbulence, and turbulent-driven transport were made inside the last-closed flux surface (LCFS) and in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of PBX-M L-mode and H-mode plasmas using a fast reciprocating Langmuir probe diagnostic. Direct measurements of the potential profile confirm the generation of a strong inward radial electric field (Er approximately -100 V/cm) just inside the LCFS in H-mode. Density and potential fluctuation levels are reduced at the L-H transition, resulting in significantly lower turbulent transport. The edge density gradient then steepens in response to the reduced cross-field transport. After a stable H-mode edge equilibrium is formed, the fluctuation amplitudes recover back to nearly L-mode values. The poloidal wavenumber spectrum is narrowed in the transport barrier, and the density and potential fluctuations are decorrelated. The reduction in turbulent transport occurs across the LCFS and SOL regions and is not localized to the region of strong radial electric field.