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Electrostatic turbulence in tokamaks on transport time scales

Peter J Catto, Andrei N Simakov, Felix I Parra, Grigory Kagan2008年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Simulating electrostatic turbulence in tokamaks on transport time scales requires retaining and evolving a complete turbulence modified neoclassical transport description, including all the axisymmetric neoclassical and zonal flow radial electric field effects, as well as the turbulent transport normally associated with drift instabilities. Neoclassical electric field effects are particularly difficult to retain since they require evaluating the ion distribution function to higher order in gyroradius over background scale length than standard gyrokinetic treatments. To avoid extending gyrokinetics an alternate hybrid gyrokinetic-fluid treatment is formulated that employs moments of the full Fokker–Planck kinetic equation to remove the need for a higher order gyrokinetic distribution function. The resulting hybrid description is able to model all electrostatic turbulence effects with wavelengths much longer than an electron Larmor radius such as the ion temperature gradient (ITG) and trapped electron modes (TEM).

日本語訳

トカマクにおける静電乱流を輸送時間スケールでシミュレーションするには、軸対称新古典流および動径電場効果のすべてを含む、完全な新古典輸送記述を保持・発展させるとともに、通常ドリフト不安定性に伴う乱流輸送も考慮する必要がある。新古典電場効果を保持することは特に困難である。なぜなら、それにはイオン分布関数を、標準的なジャイロ運動論的取り扱いよりも、ジャイロ半径と背景勾配長の比に関して高次まで評価することが必要だからである。ジャイロ運動論を拡張することを避けるため、完全なフォッカー・プランク運動方程式のモーメントを用いる代替的なハイブリッド・ジャイロ運動論・流体定式化が提示される。これにより、高次のジャイロ運動論的分布関数の必要性が排除される。結果として得られるハイブリッド記述は、イオン温度勾配(ITG)モードや捕捉電子モード(TEM)など、電子ラーマー半径よりもはるかに長い波長を持つすべての静電乱流効果をモデル化することができる。

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Electrostatic turbulence
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