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3D MHD analysis of prototypical manifold for liquid metal blankets

Simone Siriano, Fernando Roca Urgorri, Alessandro Tassone, Gianfranco Caruso2023年Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The water-cooled lead lithium (WCLL) and the dual-cooled lead lithium (DCLL) are two of the breeding blanket (BB) concepts that the EUROfusion consortium is pursuing in the framework of the development of the fusion reactor industrial demonstrator DEMO. Both involve the use of a liquid metal (LM) as working fluid, the lead-lithium eutectic alloy (PbLi), due to its excellent thermal properties and the possibility to serve as both the blanket coolant and tritium breeder and carrier. Unfortunately, due to the high electrical conductivity of LMs, their motion is influenced by the magnetic field used in the reactor to confine the plasma, generating a complex phenomenology which is studied by magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). In this work, a representative prototypical manifold of a BB bottom feeder is investigated for different configurations with the custom phiFoam solver, capable of simulating unsteady, incompressible and isothermal MHD flow. The aim of this study is to investigate which configuration minimizes the flow imbalance in the manifold for the WCLL or in the poloidal breeding zone channels for the DCLL. The distribution of the flow rate among the channels is strongly influenced by the position of the feeding pipe (FP) and by the development of the MHD internal layer near the expansion, which generates important jets close to the lower plate and the upper one, where the channels are attached. The channel aligned with the FP is the one carrying most of the flow, from 55% to 82%, while in the more distant one the flow is almost stagnant, carrying from 17% to 6% of the total flow rate. The total pressure loss is also estimated and its functional dependence on the manifold configuration is discussed.

日本語訳

水冷鉛リチウム(WCLL)および二重冷却鉛リチウム(DCLL)は、核融合炉産業実証機DEMOの開発の枠組みにおいてEUROfusionコンソーシアムが追求している増殖ブランケット(BB)概念の2つである。いずれも液体金属(LM)を作動流体として用いるものであり、鉛リチウム共晶合金(PbLi)は、その優れた熱特性と、ブランケット冷却材およびトリチウム増殖材・搬送材の両方として機能する可能性のため、使用される。残念ながら、LMの高い電気伝導性のため、その運動は、プラズマを閉じ込めるために炉内で使用される磁場の影響を受け、電磁流体力学(MHD)によって研究される複雑な現象を生じさせる。本研究では、BB下部給送管の代表的なプロトタイプマニホールドを、非定常・非圧縮性・等温MHD流れをシミュレートできるカスタムソルバーphiFoamを用いて、異なる構成について調査する。この研究の目的は、WCLLにおけるマニホールド内の流量不均衡、またはDCLLにおけるポロイダル増殖領域チャネル内の流量不均衡を最小化する構成を特定することである。チャネル間の流量分布は、給送管(FP)の位置と、膨張部近傍でのMHD内部層の発達に強く影響され、チャネルが取り付けられている下部プレートおよび上部プレートの近傍に重要なジェットを生成する。FPと整列したチャネルが最も多くの流量を担い、全体の55%から82%を運ぶ一方、最も遠いチャネルでは流れはほぼ停滞し、総流量の17%から6%を運ぶ。総圧力損失も推定され、マニホールド構成に対するその関数依存性が考察される。

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MagnetohydrodynamicsLiquid metal
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