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The timescale of thermal quench during disruptions in EAST

W Xia, L Zeng, T Tang, D Chen, Y Duan, X Zhu, A Ti, T Shi, L Xu, Y Huang2023年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Since 2015, the timescale of thermal quench (TQ) during disruptions on the EAST tokamak has been examined using electron cyclotron emission and soft x-ray diagnostic systems. The database includes both major disruptions (MDs) and hot vertical displacement events (VDEs), where the TQ duration of the former is within 56–788 μs, and the latter is approximately within 100–3000 μs. In particular, for MDs, the lower bound of TQ duration, indicating the minimum durations at different current plateaus, decreases as the plasma current increases. This decrease is due to the connection length shortening and the plasma temperature increasing. For MDs, two typical TQ processes, single-stage TQ and double-stage TQ, are characterized by different magnetic perturbations. In single-stage TQ, a fast-loss stage is triggered by magnetic perturbation exceeding 4.3 × 10−3 T with a fast growth rate of 1.5 × 10−2μs−1. In contrast, fast quench is triggered by a slightly smaller magnetic perturbation of 3.6 × 10−3 T in double-stage TQ, and the growth rate 5.3 × 10−3μs−1 is an order of magnitude smaller than single-stage TQ. For hot VDEs, the plasma temperature collapses step by step from the edge to the core, and every progressive collapse corresponds to a magnetic perturbation, whose growth rate is approximately equal to or less than double-stage TQ. The whole process of TQ energy release can be divided into the transport in a stochastic field within the separatrix and in the scrape-off layer and, according to the typical parameters of EAST, TQ duration in MDs is roughly estimated to be 245 μs by an approximate formula, which is consistent with the experimental results.

日本語訳

2015年以来、EASTトカマクにおけるディスラプション中の熱クエンチ(TQ)の時間スケールが、電子サイクロトロン放射および軟X線診断システムを用いて調査されてきた。このデータベースには、メジャーディスラプション(MD)とホット垂直変位事象(VDE)の両方が含まれており、前者のTQ持続時間は56〜788μs、後者は約100〜3000μsの範囲である。特にMDについては、TQ持続時間の下限が、異なるプラズマ電流値において最小持続時間を示すが、プラズマ電流の増加に伴って減少する。この減少は、結合長の短縮とプラズマ温度の上昇によるものである。MDについては、単段TQと二段TQという2つの典型的なTQ過程が、異なる磁気擾乱によって特徴づけられる。単段TQでは、4.3×10⁻³Tを超える磁気擾乱によって高速損失段階が引き起こされ、その成長速度は1.5×10⁻²μs⁻¹である。対照的に、二段TQでは、わずかに小さい3.6×10⁻³Tの磁気擾乱によって高速クエンチが引き起こされ、その成長速度は5.3×10⁻³μs⁻¹であり、単段TQよりも一桁小さい。ホットVDEについては、プラズマ温度が端部から中心部へと段階的に崩壊し、各段階の崩壊は磁気擾乱に対応しており、その成長速度は二段TQとほぼ等しいかそれ以下である。TQエネルギーの放出過程全体は、セパラトリックス内の確率的磁場における輸送とスクレイプオフ層における輸送に分けられる。EASTの典型的なパラメータに基づくと、MDにおけるTQ持続時間は近似式により約245μsと見積もられ、これは実験結果と一致している。

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