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3D PiC code simulations for a laboratory experimental investigation of Auroral Kilometric Radiation mechanisms

K M Gillespie, D C Speirs, K Ronald, S L McConville, A D R Phelps, R Bingham, A W Cross, C W Robertson, C G Whyte, W He2008年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Auroral Kilometric Radiation (AKR), occurs naturally in the polar regions of the Earth's magnetosphere where electrons are accelerated by electric fields into the increasing planetary magnetic dipole. Here conservation of the magnetic moment converts axial to rotational momentum forming a horseshoe distribution in velocity phase space. This distribution is unstable to cyclotron emission with radiation emitted in the X-mode. In a scaled laboratory reproduction of this process, a 75–85 keV electron beam of 5–40 A was magnetically compressed by a system of solenoids and emissions were observed for cyclotron frequencies of 4.42 GHz and 11.7 GHz resonating with near cut-off TE0,1 and TE0,3 modes, respectively. Here we compare these measurements with numerical predictions from the 3D PiC code KARAT. The 3D simulations accurately predicted the radiation modes and frequencies produced by the experiment. The predicted conversion efficiency between electron kinetic and wave field energy of around 1% is close to the experimental measurements and broadly consistent with quasi-linear theoretical analysis and geophysical observations.

日本語訳

オーロラキロメートル放射(AKR)は、地球の磁気圏の極域において、電子が電場によって増大する惑星磁気双極子へと加速されることで自然発生する。ここでは、磁気モーメントの保存により、軸方向の運動量が回転方向の運動量へと変換され、速度空間において馬蹄形分布が形成される。この分布は、Xモードで放射されるサイクロトロン放射に対して不安定である。この過程の縮小実験室再現では、75~85 keVの電子ビーム(5~40 A)をソレノイド系による磁気圧縮を行い、4.42 GHzおよび11.7 GHzのサイクロトロン周波数で、それぞれカットオフ近傍のTE0,1モードおよびTE0,3モードと共振する放射を観測した。ここでは、これらの測定結果を3次元PiCコードKARATによる数値予測と比較する。3次元シミュレーションは、実験で生成された放射モードと周波数を正確に予測した。電子運動エネルギーから波動場エネルギーへの変換効率は約1%と予測され、これは実験測定値に近く、準線形理論解析および地球物理学的観測と概ね一致する。

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