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Numerical simulation of auroral cyclotron maser processes

D C Speirs, S L McConville, K M Gillespie, K Ronald, A D R Phelps, A W Cross, R Bingham, C W Robertson, C G Whyte, I Vorgul2008年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Results are presented from a numerical investigation of radiation emission from an electron beam with a horseshoe-shaped velocity distribution. This process is relevant to the phenomenon of auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) which occurs in the polar regions of the Earth's magnetosphere. In these regions of the auroral zone, particles accelerated into the increasing magnetic field of the Earth's dipole develop a horseshoe-shaped velocity distribution through conservation of magnetic moment. It has been shown theoretically that this distribution is unstable to a cyclotron maser instability. A 2D particle-in-cell (PIC) code model was constructed to simulate a scaled laboratory experiment in which an electron beam subject to significant magnetic compression may be studied and brought into resonance with TE modes of an interaction waveguide. Results were obtained for electron beam energies of 75–85 keV, magnetic compression factors of up to 30 and electron cyclotron frequencies of 4.42 and 11.7 GHz. At 11.7 GHz, beam–wave coupling was observed with the TE03 mode and an RF output power of 20 kW was obtained corresponding to an RF conversion efficiency of 1.3%. At 4.42 GHz, excitation of the TE01 mode was observed with an RF output power of 35 kW for a cyclotron-wave detuning of 2%. This corresponds to an RF conversion efficiency of 2.6%. In both cases PiC particle velocity distributions show the clear formation of a horseshoe-shaped velocity distribution and subsequent action of a cyclotron maser instability. The RF conversion efficiencies obtained are also comparable with estimates for the AKR generation efficiency.

日本語訳

馬蹄形速度分布を持つ電子ビームからの放射放出の数値的調査結果を提示する。この過程は、地球の磁気圏の極域で発生するオーロラキロメートル放射(AKR)の現象に関連する。オーロラ帯のこれらの領域では、地球の双極子の増加する磁場中に加速された粒子は、磁気モーメントの保存を通じて馬蹄形速度分布を発達させる。この分布がサイクロトロンメーザー不安定性に対して不安定であることは理論的に示されている。大きな磁気圧縮を受ける電子ビームが相互作用導波管のTEモードと共鳴させられ得る縮小実験をシミュレートするために、2次元粒子インセル(PIC)コードモデルが構築された。電子ビームエネルギー75~85 keV、磁気圧縮係数最大30、電子サイクロトロン周波数4.42および11.7 GHzについて結果が得られた。11.7 GHzでは、TE03モードとのビーム・波結合が観測され、RF出力電力20 kWが得られ、RF変換効率1.3%に相当した。4.42 GHzでは、TE01モードの励起が観測され、サイクロトロン波離調2%においてRF出力電力35 kWが得られた。これはRF変換効率2.6%に相当する。どちらの場合も、PIC粒子速度分布は馬蹄形速度分布の明確な形成とそれに続くサイクロトロンメーザー不安定性の作用を示している。得られたRF変換効率は、AKR生成効率の推定値とも comparable である。

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