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Characterization of a Penning discharge for investigation of auroral radio wave generation mechanisms

S L McConville, M E Koepke, K M Gillespie, K Matheson, C G Whyte, C W Robertson, D C Speirs2011年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Auroral Kilometric Radiation (AKR), observed by satellites in the Earth's magnetosphere, is naturally generated in regions of partial plasma depletion (auroral density cavity) in the polar magnetosphere at approximately 3200 km altitude. As an electron descends through these regions of partial plasma depletion along magnetic field lines towards the Earth's ionosphere, the field lines increases and, through conservation of the magnetic moment, the electron gives up axial velocity in favour of perpendicular velocity. This results in a horseshoe-shaped distribution function in parallel/perpendicular-velocity space which is unstable to X-mode radiation, near the cyclotron frequency. Power levels as high as GW levels have been recorded with frequencies around 300 kHz. The background plasma frequency within the auroral density cavity is approximately 9 kHz corresponding to a plasma density 1 cm−3. A laboratory experiment scaled from auroral frequency to microwave frequency has previously been reported. Here, the addition of a Penning trap to simulate the background plasma of the density cavity is reported, with measurements ne ∼ 2 × 1014–2.17 × 1015 m−3, fpe ∼ 128–418 MHz and fce ∼ 5.21 GHz giving a ratio of ωce/ωpe comparable to the magnetospheric AKR source region.

日本語訳

オーロラキロメートル放射(AKR)は、地球磁気圏において衛星によって観測され、極域磁気圏の高度約3200 kmにおける部分的なプラズマ減少領域(オーロラ密度空洞)で自然に生成される。電子が磁力線に沿って地球の電離圏に向かってこれらの部分的なプラズマ減少領域を降下する際、磁力線は増加し、磁気モーメントの保存を通じて、電子は軸方向の速度を犠牲にして垂直方向の速度を獲得する。これにより、平行・垂直速度空間において馬蹄形の分布関数が形成され、これはサイクロトロン周波数付近のXモード放射に対して不安定となる。周波数約300 kHzで、ギガワット級の電力レベルが記録されている。オーロラ密度空洞内の背景プラズマ周波数は約9 kHzであり、これはプラズマ密度1 cm⁻³に対応する。オーロラ周波数からマイクロ波周波数へのスケーリングによる実験室実験がこれまでに報告されている。本稿では、密度空洞の背景プラズマを模擬するためのペニングトラップの追加が報告され、測定値としてne ∼ 2 × 10¹⁴–2.17 × 10¹⁵ m⁻³、fpe ∼ 128–418 MHz、fce ∼ 5.21 GHzが得られ、ωce/ωpe比は磁気圏AKR源領域と同等である。

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