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A study on hydrogen absorption and dissolution in liquid lithium

M. Christenson, D. Panici, C. Moynihan, J. Wendeborn, J. Anderson, D.N. Ruzic2019年被引用 13Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Methods that plan to recover tritium from liquid lithium require intimate knowledge of the surface, sub-surface, and bulk chemistry associated with the interactions between hydrogen isotopes and lithium particles. Focusing on the lithium–lithium hydride system, previous studies have been able to determine concentrations associated with the liquidus curve, which separates the hydrogen dissolved in solution (known as the phase) from the hydrogen which precipitates out as lithium hydride (known as the phase). Knowledge of how these phases coexist in bulk melts is particularly important when the lithium is exposed to a hydrogen, deuterium, or tritium plasma, because they govern how quickly one can recover these isotopes in back-end processes for future lithium-walled fusion reactors. To this end, lithium samples were exposed to hydrogen plasmas in the Tungsten Fuzz Characterization of Nanofeatures (TUFCON) chamber at the University of Illinois. Each lithium sample was varied with respect to sample temperature, applied electrical bias, and length of sample exposure, and in each there coexisted a combination of the and phases. In all cases, two distinct absorption periods were observed during exposure. Similarly, two distinct desorption periods were observed during temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) scans. While similar desorption periods have been observed in the literature, changes in sample resistivity measured in the current study help to validate this behavior from a novel, condensed-phase perspective. The results of lithium exposures in TUFCON will be presented, along with a discussion on how the exposure conditions and phases affect recovery. Observations of superficial surface layers, and how they affect absorption and desorption, will be included in these discussions. How these results, along with the resultant marginally-enhanced dissolution behavior, can extend to tritium recycling efforts will also be explored.

日本語訳

液体リチウムからトリチウムを回収することを計画する方法には、水素とリチウム粒子の間の相互作用に関連する表面、表面下、およびバルクの化学に関する詳細な知識が必要である。リチウム–水素化リチウム系に焦点を当てると、これまでの研究により、液相線に関連する濃度を決定することが可能であり、液相線は溶液中に溶解した水素(α相として知られる)と、水素化リチウムとして析出する水素(β相として知られる)を分離する。これらの相がバルク溶融物中でどのように共存するかについての知識は、将来のリチウム壁核融合炉において、リチウムが水素、重水素、またはトリチウムプラズマに曝露された場合に、後段工程でこれらの同位体をどれだけ迅速に回収できるかを左右するため、特に重要である。この目的のため、リチウム試料をイリノイ大学のタングステン・ファズ特性評価(TUFCON)チャンバー内で水素プラズマに曝露した。各リチウム試料は、試料温度、印加電圧バイアス、および試料曝露時間に関して変化させ、それぞれにおいてα相とβ相の組み合わせが共存した。すべてのケースにおいて、曝露中に2つの明確な吸収期間が観察された。同様に、昇温脱離(TPD)スキャン中には2つの明確な脱離期間が観察された。類似した脱離期間は文献でも報告されているが、本研究で測定された試料抵抗率の変化は、この挙動を凝縮相の観点から検証するのに役立つ。TUFCONにおけるリチウム曝露の結果とともに、曝露条件と相が回収に及ぼす影響についての考察を示す。表面層の観察と、それらが吸収および脱離に及ぼす影響についても考察に含める。これらの結果が、わずかに促進された溶解挙動とともに、トリチウム回収の取り組みにどのように拡張され得るかについても探求する。

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LithiumLiquid lithium
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