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Fusion applications for lithium: wall conditioning in magnetic confinement devices

Robert Kaita2019年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

The application of lithium to plasma facing components (PFCs) has been widely used to improve plasma performance in magnetic confinement devices. The ability of lithium to retain hydrogen isotopes has been exploited to lower wall recycling. Low recycling leads to high edge plasma temperatures, and decreased temperature gradients reduce the free energy source for microinstabilities that cause transport. A variety of techniques have been developed to introduce lithium into fusion research devices, and its beneficial effects have been observed in their plasmas. The mechanism for the retention of hydrogen isotopes has been elucidated by detailed surface science studies, and 'first principles' molecular dynamics simulations. The remaining challenges primarily pertain to long pulse operation. Our knowledge of erosion, transport, and redeposition needs to improve for the mixed material PFCs lithium creates. Flowing liquid lithium systems also must be demonstrated for the replenishable lithium walls that fusion reactors require.

日本語訳

リチウムをプラズマ対向機器(PFC)に適用することは、磁気閉じ込め装置におけるプラズマ性能を向上させるために広く用いられてきた。リチウムが水素同位体を保持する能力は、壁面でのリサイクリングを低減するために活用されてきた。リサイクリングの低減は高い周辺プラズマ温度をもたらし、温度勾配の減少は輸送を引き起こす微視的不安定性の自由エネルギー源を低減する。リチウムを核融合研究装置に導入するための様々な手法が開発され、その有益な効果はそれらのプラズマにおいて観測されてきた。水素同位体の保持機構は、詳細な表面科学的研究と第一原理分子動力学シミュレーションによって解明されてきた。残された課題は主に長時間パルス運転に関するものである。リチウムが形成する混合材料PFCについて、侵食、輸送、再堆積に関する理解を深める必要がある。また、核融合炉に必要とされる補充可能なリチウム壁のために、流動液体リチウムシステムの実証も行われなければならない。

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LithiumMagnetic confinementWall conditioning
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