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Design of the ITER EDA plasma facing components

A Cardella, S Chiocchio, K Ioki, G Janeschitz, L Giancarli1998年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractThe design of the plasma facing components (PFC) in ITER has evolved with the detailed design of the reactor. The structures exposed to the plasma have different requirements according to their functions. The primary wall, surrounding most of the plasma along the last closed magnetic surface, is exposed to a moderate heat flux (0.5 MW m−2) but has to withstand the highest neutron load. The baffle wall is exposed to a peak heat flux of 3 MW m−2 and to severe erosion from neutral particles due to their high neutrals pressure in the divertor. The limiter is subjected to the same loads as the primary wall during plasma burn conditions and a higher peak heat flux (depending on its location) during the start-up and shut down phases when the plasma is leaning on its surface. The divertor vertical targets intercept the open magnetic flux surfaces near the separatrix and have to withstand the highest heat flux and erosion in their lower part. The divertor dome is located directly below the null point and works in conditions similar to the baffle. The divertor wings receive similar thermal loads as the dome but can be subjected to high heat shocks and electromagnetic forces during plasma disruption. The paper describes the solutions adopted for the PFC and the results of analyses performed to validate the design. The description is focused on the part of the PFC which is exposed to the plasma.

日本語訳

核融合炉の詳細設計に伴い、ITERにおけるプラズマ対向機器(PFC)の設計も進化してきた。プラズマに曝される構造物は、その機能に応じて異なる要求が課される。第一壁は、閉じた磁気面の最外周に沿ってプラズマの大部分を取り囲み、中程度の熱流束(0.5 MW m⁻²)に曝されるが、最も高い中性子負荷に耐える必要がある。バッフル壁は、ピーク熱流束3 MW m⁻²に曝され、ダイバータ内の高中性子圧による中性粒子からの激しいスパッタリングを受ける。リミターは、プラズマ燃焼中は第一壁と同様の負荷を受けるが、プラズマが表面に接触する起動時および停止時には、その位置に応じてより高いピーク熱流束に曝される。ダイバータ垂直ターゲットは、セパラトリクス近傍の開いた磁気面を横切る粒子を受け止め、その下部領域で最も高い熱流束とスパッタリングに耐える必要がある。ダイバータドームは、セパラトリクス直下に位置し、バッフルと同様の条件下で動作する。ダイバータウィングは、ドームと同様の熱負荷を受けるが、プラズマ崩壊時には高い熱衝撃と電磁力に曝される可能性がある。本論文では、PFCに対して採用された設計解と、設計検証のために実施された解析結果について述べる。特に、プラズマに直接曝されるPFC部分に焦点を当てて説明する。

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