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Kinetic modelling of runaway electrons in dynamic scenarios

A. Stahl, O. Embréus, G. Papp, M. Landreman, T. Fülöp2016年被引用 54Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Improved understanding of runaway-electron formation and decay processes are of prime interest for the safe operation of large tokamaks, and the dynamics of the runaway electrons during dynamical scenarios such as disruptions are of particular concern. In this paper, we present kinetic modelling of scenarios with time-dependent plasma parameters; in particular, we investigate hot-tail runaway generation during a rapid drop in plasma temperature. With the goal of studying runaway-electron generation with a self-consistent electric-field evolution, we also discuss the implementation of a collision operator that conserves momentum and energy and demonstrate its properties. An operator for avalanche runaway-electron generation, which takes the energy dependence of the scattering cross section and the runaway distribution into account, is investigated. We show that the simplified avalanche model of Rosenbluth and Putvinskii (1997 Nucl. Fusion37 1355) can give inaccurate results for the avalanche growth rate (either lower or higher) for many parameters, especially when the average runaway energy is modest, such as during the initial phase of the avalanche multiplication. The developments presented pave the way for improved modelling of runaway-electron dynamics during disruptions or other dynamic events.

日本語訳

逃走電子の生成および減衰過程の理解の向上は、大型トカマクの安全な運転にとって極めて重要であり、ディスラプションなどの動的シナリオにおける逃走電子のダイナミクスは特に重要な関心事である。本論文では、時間依存のプラズマパラメータを伴うシナリオの運動論的モデリングを提示する。特に、プラズマ温度の急激な低下中のホットテール逃走電子生成を調査する。自己無撞着な電場の時間発展を伴う逃走電子生成を研究する目的で、運動量とエネルギーを保存する衝突演算子の実装についても議論し、その特性を実証する。散乱断面積のエネルギー依存性と逃走電子分布を考慮したアバランシェ逃走電子生成のための演算子を調査する。我々は、Rosenbluth と Putvinskii (1997 Nucl. Fusion 37 1355) の簡略化されたアバランシェモデルが、多くのパラメータに対して、特にアバランシェ増倍の初期段階など平均逃走電子エネルギーが小さい場合に、アバランシェ成長率に対して不正確な結果(過小または過大)を与える可能性があることを示す。これらの発展は、ディスラプションやその他の動的事象中の逃走電子ダイナミクスのモデリング改善への道を開くものである。

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Runaway electron
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