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Friction in a strongly magnetized neutral plasma

Trevor Lafleur, Scott D. Baalrud2020年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

A charged projectile generates an electrostatic wake as it moves through a background plasma. This wake normally gives rise to a drag force that acts antiparallel to the velocity vector of the projectile, and is commonly referred to as the stopping power. A recent theory (Lafleur T and Baalrud S D 2019 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion61 125 004) predicted that an additional component of the friction force that is perpendicular to both the projectile velocity and the Lorentz force arises when a plasma is strongly magnetized. We extend the previous analysis of this transverse friction force, which was based on the one-component plasma model, to treat a two-component charge-neutral electron-ion plasma. The direction and magnitude of the transverse force is found to depend on the projectile speed relative to the electron and ion thermal velocities, and to change sign three times. For projectile speeds below a certain threshold, the transverse force is dominated by collisions with ions, while above this threshold, only electron collisions contribute. The average trajectory of the projectile is significantly altered by the transverse force as it slows.

日本語訳

荷電した発射体は、背景プラズマ中を移動する際に静電的な航跡を生成する。この航跡は通常、発射体の速度ベクトルに反平行に作用する抗力をもたらし、一般に阻止能と呼ばれる。最近の理論(Lafleur T and Baalrud S D 2019 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 61 125 004)は、プラズマが強く磁化されている場合に、発射体の速度とローレンツ力の両方に垂直な摩擦力の追加成分が生じることを予測した。我々は、この横方向摩擦力の従来の解析を、一成分プラズマモデルに基づくものから、二成分の電荷中性電子-イオンプラズマを扱うように拡張する。横方向力の方向と大きさは、発射体速度が電子およびイオンの熱速度に対して相対的にどうであるかに依存し、符号を3回変えることが見出される。発射体速度がある閾値より低い場合、横方向力はイオンとの衝突が支配的であり、一方、この閾値より高い場合には、電子との衝突のみが寄与する。発射体が減速するにつれて、その平均軌道は横方向力によって有意に変化する。

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