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Two-dimensional collisional particle model of the divertor sheath with electron emissive walls

F. Cichocki, V. Sciortino, F. Giordano, P. Minelli, F. Taccogna2023年被引用 1Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

A novel two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) code, named Divertor Edge Simulator of Plasma-wall Interaction with Consistent COllisions (DESPICCO) and developed at CNR-ISTP, is capable of simulating the thin plasma layer of several millimeters, adjacent to the divertor tiles of a Tokamak fusion reactor. Here, kinetic effects and non-neutral plasma physics in the Debye sheath can be self-consistently captured by the PIC approach. The code is firstly benchmarked against literature one-dimensional codes and additional theoretical predictions for a magnetized sheath. Then, it is applied to a realistic divertor scenario featuring an attached plasma with monoblocks (MBs) radial misalignment and gaps, to compute the energy flux amplification factor at the exposed MB edge. A non-ambipolar local current density close to the leading edge and an average sheath heat transmission coefficient larger than the one predicted by classical sheath theory, are found. The effects of electron wall emission and plasma-gas collisions on the ion Mach number and on particle and energy fluxes to the walls are finally estimated to determine future guidelines for simulations. Ion collisions with recycled neutrals and both secondary and thermionic electron emission from the wall are found to have a relevant impact, with the overall effect of reducing by 25% the average ion impact energy, and by 15%–20% the total heavy particles energy flux to the walls, with relevant implications on the divertor wall erosion.

日本語訳

新規の二次元粒子インセル(PIC)コードであるDESPICCO(Divertor Edge Simulator of Plasma-wall Interaction with Consistent COllisions)は、CNR-ISTPで開発され、トカマク核融合炉のダイバータタイルに隣接する数ミリメートルの薄いプラズマ層をシミュレートすることができる。ここでは、デバイシース内の運動論的効果と非中性プラズマ物理が、PIC手法によって自己無撞着に捕捉され得る。このコードはまず、磁化シースに関する文献の一次元コードおよび追加の理論的予測に対してベンチマークされる。次に、モノブロック(MB)の径方向ミスアライメントとギャップを伴う付着プラズマを特徴とする現実的なダイバータシナリオに適用され、露出したMBエッジにおけるエネルギーフラックス増幅係数を計算する。リーディングエッジ近傍の非両極性局所電流密度と、古典的シース理論が予測する値よりも大きい平均シース熱伝達係数が見いだされる。電子の壁放出とプラズマ・ガス衝突がイオンマッハ数および壁への粒子・エネルギーフラックスに及ぼす影響が最終的に推定され、シミュレーションの今後の指針を決定する。イオンとリサイクリング中性粒子との衝突、および壁からの二次電子放出と熱電子放出の両方が重要な影響を及ぼすことが見いだされ、全体として平均イオン衝撃エネルギーを25%減少させ、壁への全重粒子エネルギーフラックスを15%–20%減少させ、ダイバータ壁の浸食に関連する重要な意味を持つ。

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