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Investigations on Cs-free alternatives for negative ion formation in a low pressure hydrogen discharge at ion source relevant parameters

U Kurutz, R Friedl, U Fantz2017年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Caesium (Cs) is applied in high power negative hydrogen ion sources to reduce a converter surface's work function and thus enabling an efficient negative ion surface formation. Inherent drawbacks with the usage of this reactive alkali metal motivate the search for Cs-free alternative materials for neutral beam injection systems in fusion research. In view of a future DEMOnstration power plant, a suitable material should provide a high negative ion formation efficiency and comply with the RAMI issues of the system: reliability, availability, maintainability, inspectability. Promising candidates, like low work function materials (molybdenum doped with lanthanum (MoLa) and LaB6), as well as different non-doped and boron-doped diamond samples were investigated in this context at identical and ion source relevant parameters at the laboratory experiment HOMER. Negative ion densities were measured above the samples by means of laser photodetachment and compared with two reference cases: pure negative ion volume formation with negative ion densities of about and the effect of H− surface production using an in situ caesiated stainless steel sample which yields 2.5 times higher densities. Compared to pure volume production, none of the diamond samples did exhibit a measurable increase in H− densities, while showing clear indications of plasma-induced erosion. In contrast, both MoLa and LaB6 produced systematically higher densities (MoLa: ×1.60; LaB6: ×1.43). The difference to caesiation can be attributed to the higher work functions of MoLa and LaB6 which are expected to be about 3 eV for both compared to 2.1 eV of a caesiated surface.

日本語訳

セシウム(Cs)は、高パワー負水素イオン源において、コンバーターの仕事関数を低減し、効率的な負イオン表面生成を可能にするために適用されている。この反応性アルカリ金属の使用に伴う欠点は、核融合システム用中性粒子入射装置におけるCsフリー代替材料の探索を動機づけている。将来のDEMO発電炉を見据えると、適切な材料は高い負イオン生成効率を提供し、かつシステムのRAMI要件、すなわち信頼性(reliability)、可用性(availability)、保守性(maintainability)、検査性(inspectability)を満たす必要がある。有望な候補としては、低仕事関数材料(ランタン添加モリブデン(MoLa)およびLaB6)に加え、実験室装置HOMERにおいて同一のイオン源関連パラメータ条件下で調査された、非ドープおよびホウ素ドープの各種ダイヤモンド試料が挙げられる。負イオン密度はレーザー光脱離法により測定され、2つの参照ケース、すなわち約○の負イオン密度を示す純粋な負イオン体積生成、およびin situでセシウム化されたステainless鋼試料を用いた場合に2.5倍高い密度をもたらすH⁻表面生成の効果と比較された。純粋な体積生成と比較して、ダイヤモンド試料はいずれもH⁻密度の測定可能な増加を示さなかった一方、プラズマによる明確なエロージョンの兆候が観察された。対照的に、MoLaおよびLaB6はともに系統的により高い密度を生成した(MoLa:×1.60、LaB6:×1.43)。セシウム化との差異は、MoLaおよびLaB6の仕事関数が高いことに起因すると考えられ、両者とも約3 eVと予想されるのに対し、セシウム化表面では2.1 eVである。

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