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Electrostatic shock waves in the laboratory and astrophysics: similarities and differences

M E Dieckmann, D Doria, G Sarri, L Romagnani, H Ahmed, D Folini, R Walder, A Bret, M Borghesi2018年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Contemporary lasers allow us to create shocks in the laboratory that propagate at a speed that matches that of energetic astrophysical shocks like those that ensheath supernova blast shells. The rapid growth time of the shocks and the spatio-temporal resolution, with which they can be sampled, allow us to identify the processes that are involved in their formation and evolution. Some laser-generated unmagnetized shocks are mediated by collective electrostatic forces and effects caused by binary collisions between particles can be neglected. Hydrodynamic models, which are valid for many large-scale astrophysical shocks, assume that collisions enforce a local thermodynamic equilibrium in the medium; laser-generated shocks are thus not always representative for astrophysical shocks. Laboratory studies of shocks can improve the understanding of their astrophysical counterparts if we can identify processes that affect electrostatic shocks and hydrodynamic shocks alike. An example is the nonlinear thin-shell instability (NTSI). We show that the NTSI destabilises collisionless and collisional shocks by the same physical mechanism.

日本語訳

現代のレーザーにより、超新星爆発の殻を包むような高エネルギー天体物理衝撃波の速度に一致する速度で伝播する衝撃波を実験室で生成することができる。衝撃波の急速な成長時間と、それらをサンプリングできる時空間分解能により、その形成と進化に関わる過程を特定することができる。いくつかのレーザー生成非磁化衝撃波は集団的な静電力によって媒介され、粒子間の二体衝突による効果は無視できる。多くの大規模天体物理衝撃波に対して有効な流体力学モデルは、衝突が媒質中に局所熱平衡を強制すると仮定する。したがって、レーザー生成衝撃波は常に天体物理衝撃波を代表するとは限らない。衝撃波の実験室研究は、静電衝撃波と流体力学衝撃波の両方に影響を与える過程を特定できれば、それらの天体物理学的対応物の理解を深めることができる。例として、非線形薄殻不安定性(NTSI)がある。我々は、NTSIが無衝突衝撃波と衝突衝撃波を同じ物理メカニズムで不安定化することを示す。

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Shock waves
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